Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
Both mGFR and eGFR decreased significantly after initiating treatment.
This study investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function and vascular compliance, finding a significant initial decline in renal function linked to improved vascular compliance.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function and vascular compliance, finding a significant initial decline in renal function linked to improved vascular compliance.
Understanding the relationship between renal function and vascular health is crucial for managing patients with diabetes and cardiovascular risks. This study highlights that initial declines in kidney function may not be entirely negative, as they could indicate improvements in vascular compliance, which is vital for overall cardiovascular health.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of follow-up may not capture long-term effects. Potential confounding factors not fully controlled.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Merve G, Agnes B, Kristina S, et al. Initial Decline in Renal Function with SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment is Linked to Improved Vascular Compliance. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2024;23:184. doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02223-0
Both mGFR and eGFR decreased significantly after treatment initiation (-5 ml/min, p = 0.001).
Change in mGFR correlated with change in PWV (r = 0.476, p = 0.005).
No correlation was observed between the change in eGFR and the change in PWV.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Empagliflozin and Linagliptin, Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and Estimated glomerular filtration rate, Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Empagliflozin and Linagliptin and Kidney Function, Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and Kidney Function.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Empagliflozin and Linagliptin
Contributes to Empagliflozin and Linagliptin evidence base.
All studies measuring Kidney Function
Measures Kidney Function as a key outcome.
All studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine
Contributes to Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin may worsen estimated glomerular filtration rate or be associated with harm.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate negative | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine may worsen estimated glomerular filtration rate or be associated with harm.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate negative | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Empagliflozin and Linagliptin appears to improve femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (FAPWV) during acute hyperglycemia.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine for femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (FAPWV) during acute hyperglycemia.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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