Last updated August 25, 2026
Key finding
6 out of 27 women in the intervention group [22%(10–40)] and 3 out of 27 women in the control group [11%(3–27)] reached the primary outcome (p = 0.47).
This study evaluated a smartphone-delivered intervention called TRIANGLE for women post-gestational diabetes, showing some positive outcomes in lifestyle changes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated a smartphone-delivered intervention called TRIANGLE for women post-gestational diabetes, showing some positive outcomes in lifestyle changes.
This research is significant as it explores innovative digital health solutions for women who have experienced gestational diabetes, a condition that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Effective interventions can help these women adopt healthier lifestyles and reduce their long-term health risks.
The sample size was relatively small, limiting generalizability. Some outcomes showed non-significant changes, raising questions about effectiveness. The study did not include long-term follow-up data.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Anne LP, Christina G, Friederike B, et al. A smartphone-delivered intervention for women after gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(4):e0267258. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267258
22% of women in the intervention group achieved ≥3 out of 5 Diabetes Prevention Program goals compared to 11% in the control group.
Users rated the TRIANGLE app 4.3 out of 5 for quality and perceived impact.
Significant increases in fiber intake were observed in the intervention group compared to controls.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention and Body weight, Change in Perceived Stress Scale-10 score, Change in WHO-5 Well-Being Index score, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
376
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Body weight
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Body weight
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Change in Perceived Stress Scale-10 score
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Change in Perceived Stress Scale-10 score
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Change in WHO-5 Well-Being Index score
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Change in WHO-5 Well-Being Index score
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Daily intake of saturated fat in grams
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Daily intake of saturated fat in grams
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Fiber intake
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Fiber intake
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Proportion achieving at least 3 of 5 Diabetes Prevention Program goals
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → Proportion achieving at least 3 of 5 Diabetes Prevention Program goals
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → TRIANGLE app Mobile Application Rating Scale score
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention → TRIANGLE app Mobile Application Rating Scale score
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention and Body Weight, TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention and Fiber intake.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Fiber intake
Measures Fiber intake as a key outcome.
All studies on TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention
Contributes to TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention appears to affect body weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention appears to improve change in perceived stress scale-10 score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in Perceived Stress Scale-10 score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention appears to improve change in who-5 well-being index score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in WHO-5 Well-Being Index score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
TRIANGLE smartphone lifestyle intervention appears to improve triangle app mobile application rating scale score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
TRIANGLE app Mobile Application Rating Scale score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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