Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
The proportion of pregnant women in the intervention group who suffered from combined maternal and/or neonatal complications was lower than in the control group with adjusted OR=0.86 (0.80 to 0.94, P = 0.001).
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a subsidized care program for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in rural China, finding improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a subsidized care program for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in rural China, finding improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.
This research highlights the potential of subsidized care programs to enhance health outcomes for pregnant women with gestational diabetes, particularly in rural settings where access to care may be limited. By reducing complications and promoting healthier lifestyles, such programs can improve both maternal and neonatal health.
The study may have limited generalizability due to its rural focus. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for. The sample size may not be large enough to detect all differences.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Tingting X, Qing X, Xiaozhen L, et al. Effectiveness of a Subsidized Care Program for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural China: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Medicine. 2024;22:98. doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03330-1
The intervention group had a 0.86 events decrease in combined maternal and neonatal complications (p=0.001).
GDM screening rates were high in both groups, with the intervention group at 97.2%.
The intervention group had 1.1 more glucose retesting visits compared to the control group (p=0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to GDM subsidy program and Antenatal visit frequency, Dietary patterns, GDM screening rate, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
GDM subsidy program
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
480
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
GDM subsidy program → Antenatal visit frequency
GDM subsidy program → Antenatal visit frequency
GDM subsidy program → Gestational weight gain
GDM subsidy program → Gestational weight gain
GDM subsidy program → Neonatal complications
GDM subsidy program → Neonatal complications
GDM subsidy program → Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
GDM subsidy program → Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
GDM subsidy program → Rates of glucose retesting for pregnant women diagnosed with GDM
GDM subsidy program → Rates of glucose retesting for pregnant women diagnosed with GDM
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GDM subsidy program and Antenatal visit frequency, GDM subsidy program and Dietary patterns.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Antenatal visit frequency
Measures Antenatal visit frequency as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Dietary patterns
Measures Dietary patterns as a key outcome.
All studies on GDM subsidy program
Contributes to GDM subsidy program evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
GDM subsidy program appears to improve dietary patterns.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Dietary patterns
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
GDM subsidy program appears to improve gdm screening rate.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
GDM screening rate
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
GDM subsidy program appears to improve neonatal complications.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Neonatal complications
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
GDM subsidy program appears to improve rates of glucose retesting for pregnant women diagnosed with gdm.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Rates of glucose retesting for pregnant women diagnosed with GDM
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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