Last updated July 17, 2026
Key finding
1,5-Anhydroglucitol levels increased significantly.
This pilot study investigated the effects of time-restricted eating on individuals with type 2 diabetes, revealing significant improvements in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol levels and hypoglycemia symptom recognition.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This pilot study investigated the effects of time-restricted eating on individuals with type 2 diabetes, revealing significant improvements in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol levels and hypoglycemia symptom recognition.
These findings suggest that time-restricted eating could be a beneficial dietary strategy for improving symptom awareness and certain metabolic markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Understanding these effects can help clinicians develop more effective dietary interventions for managing diabetes.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of the study limits long-term conclusions. No significant changes in key metabolic outcomes.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Anne-Ditte T, Natasja B, Gitte SH, et al. Time-restricted eating in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 2025;11:135. doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01715-4
1,5-Anhydroglucitol levels increased significantly.
Participants showed improved recognition of hypoglycemia symptoms.
No significant change in 10-year ASCVD risk was observed.
No significant improvements in nocturnal glucose control were noted.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, 10-year ASCVD risk, Change in EsDQOL satisfaction score, and 11 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
14
Evidence pairs
581
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → 1,5-Anhydroglucitol
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → 1,5-Anhydroglucitol
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → 10-year ASCVD risk
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → 10-year ASCVD risk
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Change in EsDQOL satisfaction score
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Change in EsDQOL satisfaction score
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Controlled attenuation parameter
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Controlled attenuation parameter
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Depression score
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Depression score
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Glutathione (GSH)
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Glutathione (GSH)
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Hypoglycemia symptom recognition ability
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Hypoglycemia symptom recognition ability
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Nocturnal glucose control
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Nocturnal glucose control
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Time below range
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Time below range
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Time in range
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) → Time in range
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and HbA1c, Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and Mental Health.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)
Contributes to Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) evidence base.
All studies measuring Mental Health
Measures Mental Health as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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3 results
2 results
3 results
3 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) for Depression score.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Depression score
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) appears to improve 1,5-Anhydroglucitol.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
1,5-Anhydroglucitol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) appears to improve Hypoglycemia symptom recognition ability.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Hypoglycemia symptom recognition ability
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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