Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Vitamin C may reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes patients.

Key finding

MDA decreased significantly (p < 0.001)

This study investigated the effects of Vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding significant reductions in malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products.

Evidence strength

Moderate confidence

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 6, 2026

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

Population

Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes

Intervention

Vitamin C supplementation

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Primary outcome

Malondialdehyde (MDA)

Comparator

Placebo Group

Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study investigated the effects of Vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding significant reductions in malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products.

Clinical relevance

Oxidative stress is linked to the complications of diabetes, and reducing its markers may help improve health outcomes for patients. The significant reductions in malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products suggest that Vitamin C could be a valuable addition to diabetes management strategies.

Keep in mind

The study did not assess long-term effects of Vitamin C supplementation. Sample size and demographic details were not specified, limiting generalizability. Other potential confounding factors were not controlled for.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Soghra R, Firouzeh H, Reza K, et al. Vitamin C supplementation may reduce oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Food Science & Nutrition. 2023;11(10):5967-5977. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3530

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Main Effects

Malondialdehyde decreased significantly by -0.38 µmol/L (p < 0.001)

Advanced glycation end products decreased significantly by -5.16 % (p = 0.002)

No significant changes were observed for advanced oxidation protein products (p = 0.234)

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Vitamin D supplementation and Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-reactive protein, and 4 more.

Primary intervention

Vitamin D supplementation

Primary outcomes

  • Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
  • Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)
  • C-reactive protein

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

7
Evidence pairs
7
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 59

1

Related topics

7

Evidence pairs

28

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 7 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

StrongDecrease

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)

Vitamin D supplementation → Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)

Vitamin D supplementation → Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)

Evidence profile

StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)

Vitamin D supplementation → Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)

Vitamin D supplementation → Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

C-reactive protein

Vitamin D supplementation → C-reactive protein

Vitamin D supplementation → C-reactive protein

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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NoneNo Change

LDL cholesterol

Vitamin D supplementation → LDL cholesterol

Vitamin D supplementation → LDL cholesterol

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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StrongDecrease

Malondialdehyde (MDA)

Vitamin D supplementation → Malondialdehyde (MDA)

Vitamin D supplementation → Malondialdehyde (MDA)

Evidence profile

StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
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NoneNo Change

Plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP)

Vitamin D supplementation → Plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP)

Vitamin D supplementation → Plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP)

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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NoneNo Change

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Vitamin D supplementation → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Vitamin D supplementation → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • Vitamin C supplementation led to a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels.
  • Advanced glycation end products decreased significantly with Vitamin C (p = 0.002).
  • No significant changes were noted for several other oxidative stress markers.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
  • Patients experiencing oxidative stress related to diabetes.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • Results may not apply to populations outside of those studied.
  • The study did not evaluate the long-term safety of Vitamin C supplementation.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore mechanisms.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The study did not assess long-term effects of Vitamin C supplementation.
  • Sample size and demographic details were not specified, limiting generalizability.
  • Other potential confounding factors were not controlled for.

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Vitamin D supplementation and Oxidative Stress Markers, Vitamin D supplementation and Advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Archive

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Vitamin D supplementation improve malondialdehyde (mda)?

Emerging Evidence

Vitamin D supplementation may improve Malondialdehyde (MDA).

ConsensusScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Malondialdehyde (MDA)

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 53.1 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Vitamin D supplementation improve advanced glycation end products (ages)?

Emerging Evidence

Vitamin D supplementation appears to improve Advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Vitamin D supplementation improve c-reactive protein?

Emerging Evidence

Vitamin D supplementation may improve C-reactive protein.

ConsensusScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    C-reactive protein

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 46.0 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Vitamin D supplementation improve ldl cholesterol?

Limited Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Vitamin D supplementation for LDL cholesterol.

ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    LDL cholesterol

    EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 39.0 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026
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