Research Summary

Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Yogurt with KGM and Inulin Improves Insulin Sensitivity in T2DM

Last updated August 16, 2026

Key finding

Fasting insulin decreased by -1.85 μIU/mL (P = 0.042).

This study investigated the effects of low-fat yogurt enriched with konjac glucomannan and inulin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding significant reductions in fasting insulin and cholesterol levels.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

Clinical relevance

These findings are significant as they suggest that dietary interventions, such as incorporating low-fat yogurt enriched with specific fibers, can play a role in managing glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This could lead to improved health outcomes and reduced risk of diabetes-related complications.

Keep in mind

The study had a limited sample size. Results may not be generalizable to all populations with type 2 diabetes. The long-term effects of the intervention were not assessed.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Mohammad JD, Ali R, Zahra M, et al. Effects of Low-Fat Yogurt Enriched with Konjac Glucomannan and Inulin on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science. 2025;30(2):120-131. doi:10.3746/pnf.2025.30.2.120

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Main Effects

Fasting insulin levels decreased by -1.85 µIU/mL (P = 0.042)

Total cholesterol decreased by -18.51 mg/dL (P = 0.049)

HOMA-IR decreased by -0.89 (P = 0.029)

Triglycerides decreased by -15.0 mg/dL (P = 0.041)

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to β-glucan-enriched bread and BMI, Body fat mass, Body weight, and 9 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

β-glucan-enriched bread

Outcome

BMI

Evidence topic

Weight Loss

Primary intervention

β-glucan-enriched bread

Primary outcomes

BMI
Body fat mass
Body weight

Evidence topics

Weight Loss Body Composition Fasting Blood Glucose Glycemic Control

Primary intervention

β-glucan-enriched bread

Primary outcomes

BMI Body fat mass Body weight

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

Evidence pairs

Relationships

Evidence topics

contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72

Why it is useful

Contributes to 12 evidence relationships
Includes primary outcome data
Linked to 5 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence topic

Weight Loss

matched_outcome

Related evidence

Evidence topic

Body Composition

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

BMI

β-glucan-enriched bread → BMI

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Body fat mass

β-glucan-enriched bread → Body fat mass

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Body weight

β-glucan-enriched bread → Body weight

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting insulin levels

β-glucan-enriched bread → Fasting insulin levels

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

β-glucan-enriched bread → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: 35; mixed

Based on 2 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Insulin resistance

β-glucan-enriched bread → Insulin resistance

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Malondialdehyde (MDA)

β-glucan-enriched bread → Malondialdehyde (MDA)

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)

β-glucan-enriched bread → Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Skeletal muscle index

β-glucan-enriched bread → Skeletal muscle index

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Total cholesterol

β-glucan-enriched bread → Total cholesterol

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Triglycerides

β-glucan-enriched bread → Triglycerides

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Waist circumference

β-glucan-enriched bread → Waist circumference

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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Evidence Suggest

Fasting insulin levels decreased by 1.85 µIU/mL, indicating improved insulin sensitivity.
Total cholesterol levels dropped by 18.51 mg/dL, suggesting cardiovascular benefits.
HOMA-IR decreased by 0.89, reflecting reduced insulin resistance.

Who this applies to

Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Individuals seeking dietary interventions to manage blood sugar levels.

Keep in Mind

The study's findings are based on a specific dietary intervention and may not apply to other diets.
Further research is needed to confirm the long-term benefits of this yogurt.
The effects on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were not statistically significant.

Between the Lines

The study had a limited sample size.
Results may not be generalizable to all populations with type 2 diabetes.
The long-term effects of the intervention were not assessed.

Evidence Library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on β-glucan-enriched bread and Fasting Glucose, β-glucan-enriched bread and Body Mass Index.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Diet and Nutrition

Detailed evidence

β-glucan-enriched bread → Fasting Glucose

Diet and Nutrition

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: 35; mixed

Based on 2 studies

View evidence

Diet and Nutrition

Detailed evidence

β-glucan-enriched bread → Body Mass Index

Diet and Nutrition

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

View evidence

Diet and Nutrition

Detailed evidence

β-glucan-enriched bread → Body Weight

Diet and Nutrition

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 50; Neutral
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

View evidence

Included in these evidence collections

Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.

Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Fasting Glucose

2 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.

β-glucan-enriched bread Evidence Hub

All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread

2 studies

intervention_hub

Contributes to β-glucan-enriched bread evidence base.

Body Mass Index Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Body Mass Index

1 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Body Mass Index as a key outcome.

Body Weight Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Body Weight

1 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.

Recent Diabetes Research

Latest published studies

recency_collection

Published within the last 2 years.

Explore more in Evidence Explorer

Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.

All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Intervention: β-glucan-enriched breadOutcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

2 results

All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread and BMI

Intervention: β-glucan-enriched breadOutcome: BMI

1 results

All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread

Intervention: β-glucan-enriched bread

2 results

All studies measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Outcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

2 results

All studies measuring BMI

Outcome: BMI

1 results

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does β-glucan-enriched bread improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG)?

Moderate Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of β-glucan-enriched bread for fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

Does β-glucan-enriched bread improve fasting insulin levels?

Emerging Evidence

β-glucan-enriched bread appears to improve fasting insulin levels.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

Does β-glucan-enriched bread improve insulin resistance?

Emerging Evidence

β-glucan-enriched bread appears to improve insulin resistance.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

Does β-glucan-enriched bread improve quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)?

Emerging Evidence

β-glucan-enriched bread appears to improve quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI).

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

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Next steps

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Evidence topics

Follow the topics this study contributes to.

Weight Loss Evidence Hub Body Composition Evidence Hub Fasting Blood Glucose Evidence Hub Glycemic Control Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

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All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread and Fasting insulin levels All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread and Insulin resistance All studies on β-glucan-enriched bread and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)

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