StrongDecrease
Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Bleeding on probing
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Zinc and magnesium improve periodontal treatment outcomes in diabetes.
Key finding
PPD decreased from 3.1 ± 0.7 to 2.1 ± 0.3 mm after treatment.
This study evaluated the effects of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 5, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide, Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Primary outcome
Periodontal probing depth
Comparator
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical relevance
Periodontal disease is common in patients with type 2 diabetes and can exacerbate diabetes complications. By demonstrating that zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide may improve periodontal outcomes, this study highlights a potential adjunctive therapy that could enhance overall management of oral health in diabetic patients, ultimately contributing to better systemic health.
Keep in mind
Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes due to lack of p-values. Cohort design limits causal inference. Sample size and demographic characteristics may affect generalizability.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
José CA, Mónica F, María SLB, et al. The use of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as a complementary treatment to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:892. doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04688-7
Save this study and add notes to your research library.
Main Effects
Periodontal probing depth decreased by 1 mm in the intervention group.
Bleeding on probing reduced from 0.5 to 0.05 in the treatment group.
Periodontal inflamed surface area decreased by 406.8 mm³ after treatment.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Non-surgical periodontal treatment, Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide and Bleeding on probing, Dentobacterial plaque index, Periodontal inflamed surface area, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Primary outcomes
- Bleeding on probing
- Dentobacterial plaque index
- Periodontal inflamed surface area
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
9
Evidence pairs
9
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 59
1
Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
28
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 9 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongDecrease
Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Dentobacterial plaque index
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal probing depth
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Bleeding on probing
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Dentobacterial plaque index
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
NoneDecrease
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Evidence profile
NoneDecreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal probing depth
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- Periodontal probing depth decreased by 1 mm after treatment.
- Bleeding on probing improved significantly, indicating reduced gum inflammation.
- Periodontal inflamed surface area decreased by 406.8 mm³, suggesting better periodontal health.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients undergoing non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to populations outside the study sample.
- Further research is needed to confirm findings and clarify effectiveness.
- The study did not assess long-term effects of the treatments.
Between the Lines
- Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes due to lack of p-values.
- Cohort design limits causal inference.
- Sample size and demographic characteristics may affect generalizability.
Unlock Full Analysis
Create a free account to unlock the bias score, detailed effectiveness analysis, and clinical outcomes for this study.
Already have an account?
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Bleeding on probing, Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Dentobacterial plaque index.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Bleeding on probing Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Bleeding on probing
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Bleeding on probing as a key outcome.
Dentobacterial plaque index Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Dentobacterial plaque index
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Dentobacterial plaque index as a key outcome.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment Evidence Hub
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Non-surgical periodontal treatment evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Bleeding on probing
Intervention: Non-surgical periodontal treatmentOutcome: Bleeding on probing
1 results
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Dentobacterial plaque index
Intervention: Non-surgical periodontal treatmentOutcome: Dentobacterial plaque index
1 results
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Intervention: Non-surgical periodontal treatment
1 results
All studies measuring Bleeding on probing
Outcome: Bleeding on probing
1 results
All studies measuring Dentobacterial plaque index
Outcome: Dentobacterial plaque index
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Non-surgical periodontal treatment improve bleeding on probing?
Emerging Evidence
Non-surgical periodontal treatment appears to improve Bleeding on probing.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Bleeding on probing
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Non-surgical periodontal treatment improve dentobacterial plaque index?
Emerging Evidence
Non-surgical periodontal treatment appears to improve Dentobacterial plaque index.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Dentobacterial plaque index
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Non-surgical periodontal treatment improve periodontal inflamed surface area?
Emerging Evidence
Non-surgical periodontal treatment appears to improve Periodontal inflamed surface area.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Periodontal inflamed surface area
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Non-surgical periodontal treatment improve periodontal probing depth?
Emerging Evidence
Non-surgical periodontal treatment appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
Continue your research
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, archive views, and research summaries.
Evidence topics
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Explore in archive
Open broader archive views for this relationship.
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Bleeding on probingAll studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Dentobacterial plaque indexAll studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Periodontal inflamed surface areaAll studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Periodontal probing depth
Related research
Read related research summaries.
Coriander Seed Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 DiabetesCurcumin may improve inflammation and glycemic control in diabetesCurcumin-Piperine May Improve Oxidative Stress in Diabetic RetinopathyEWP supplementation improves nutrition and oxidative stress in diabetes.Omega-3 improves periodontal health and glycemic control in diabetes
No ads. No tracking.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Secure & private
Your data is always protected.
Always up to date
New studies added every day.