Last updated July 5, 2026
Key finding
PPD decreased from 3.1 ± 0.7 to 2.1 ± 0.3 mm after treatment.
This study evaluated the effects of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Periodontal disease is common in patients with type 2 diabetes and can exacerbate diabetes complications. By demonstrating that zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide may improve periodontal outcomes, this study highlights a potential adjunctive therapy that could enhance overall management of oral health in diabetic patients, ultimately contributing to better systemic health.
Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes due to lack of p-values. Cohort design limits causal inference. Sample size and demographic characteristics may affect generalizability.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
José CA, Mónica F, María SLB, et al. The use of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as a complementary treatment to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:892. doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04688-7
Periodontal probing depth decreased by 1 mm in the intervention group.
Bleeding on probing reduced from 0.5 to 0.05 in the treatment group.
Periodontal inflamed surface area decreased by 406.8 mm³ after treatment.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Non-surgical periodontal treatment, Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide and Bleeding on probing, Dentobacterial plaque index, Periodontal inflamed surface area, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
69
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Dentobacterial plaque index
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal inflamed surface area
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal probing depth
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Periodontal probing depth, Non-surgical periodontal treatment and Bleeding on probing.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Contributes to Non-surgical periodontal treatment evidence base.
All studies measuring Periodontal probing depth
Measures Periodontal probing depth as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Bleeding on probing
Measures Bleeding on probing as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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14 results
6 results
14 results
14 results
6 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Non-surgical periodontal treatment may improve Bleeding on probing.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Bleeding on probing
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.8 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide appears to improve Bleeding on probing.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Bleeding on probing
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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