Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

4 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Twelve group-based sessions and two individual counselling sessions over 12 months, delivered by trained community volunteers

Co-HELP community-based lifestyle intervention

Usual care

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid confidence interval.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: p value significance conflict.

Community lifestyle programme improves multiple diabetes risk factors in adults with prediabetes

6-h session at baseline followed by 3-h refresher sessions at 12 and 24 mo; 15-min telephone call every 3 mo

Let's Prevent Diabetes programme (intervention)

Standard care

Engagement in a prediabetes education programme is linked to lower type 2 diabetes risk

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: arms, comparator.

Intensive lifestyle intervention improves diabetes remission in India

Not applicable to this study design or comparison.

Source evidence could not be resolved sufficiently for this field.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

A comprehensive lifestyle intervention aimed at achieving diabetes remission in a patient with type 2 diabetes.

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

This case involved a 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. He consented to a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), including a vegan diet (to lower calorie intake, reduce uric acid, support renal health, and promote weight loss), intermittent fasting, regular exercise, psychological support, and medical management.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: source evidence unresolved.

Intensive lifestyle intervention may reverse diabetes in nephrectomy patients

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Intensive lifestyle intervention aiming to increase physical activity, modify diet, and promote weight loss ≥5%. Based on Finnish DPS protocol with local adaptations across three European centres.

Intensive lifestyle intervention (EDIPS protocol)

Lifestyle advice control

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Intensive lifestyle programme cuts type 2 diabetes risk by 57% in European prediabetes trial

One individual and ten group sessions focused on lifestyle changes were provided followed by six telephone sessions and two motivational letters over a period of 10 months; free physical activity sessions were offered twice a week from week four

DE-PLAN lifestyle intervention programme

Lifestyle programme linked to lasting weight loss in some adults at high diabetes risk

Standard lifestyle education

Participants followed a 5:2 intermittent energy-restricted diet.

Diet Intervention Group

Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a diet intervention group following a 5:2 intermittent energy-restricted diet.

Participants performed twice-weekly supervised low-volume high-intensity interval training combined with resistance exercise.

Exercise Intervention Group

Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an exercise intervention group performing twice-weekly supervised low-volume high-intensity interval training combined with resistance exercise.

Control group receiving standard lifestyle education.

Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group receiving standard lifestyle education.

Metabolomics score improves metabolic profiling in diabetes

One individual session (60-90 min), five group sessions (90 min each), and two telephone sessions (15-20 min). Only 10% attended all sessions, 53% attended one individual + at least one group, 34% attended none.

MAGDA-DPP lifestyle modification programme

Postnatal lifestyle programme prevents weight gain after gestational diabetes

Standard care diabetes education (DE)

Participants received a structured diabetes education programme via two one-to-one telephone calls with a registered dietitian and free membership of Weight Watchers for 6 months.

Tailored diabetes education and behavioural weight management programme (DEW)

Participants randomised to DEW (the ‘intervention’) received a structured diabetes education programme via two one-to-one telephone calls with a registered dietitian (provided by WW) and free membership of WW for 6 months.

Participants attended a 6 h diabetes education workshop delivered by trained healthcare professionals in local healthcare or community venues.

Participants allocated to DE (‘control’) attended a 6 h diabetes education workshop (DESMOND) delivered by two trained healthcare professionals in local healthcare or community venues in groups of up to ten participants.

Weight management program shows little effect on HbA1c but aids weight loss.

Structured population data were available for 2 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

1 supporting study lacks usable structured population information.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 11 of 11 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 9 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 11 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, usual_care.

9 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 9 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 9 studies described adult participants.

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes × Body weight

Available supporting studies