Last updated June 15, 2026
Key finding
177/874 women were diagnosed with GDM, 103/440 (23.4%) in CG and 74/434 (17.1%) in IG... adjusted multivariable analysis, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57-0.98; p = 0.039).
This randomized trial tested an early Mediterranean diet intervention during pregnancy. Women assigned to extra virgin olive oil and pistachios had fewer gestational diabetes diagnoses and better several maternal and neonatal outcomes than women given standard low-fat diet advice.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
Randomized controlled trial
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This randomized trial tested an early Mediterranean diet intervention during pregnancy. Women assigned to extra virgin olive oil and pistachios had fewer gestational diabetes diagnoses and better several maternal and neonatal outcomes than women given standard low-fat diet advice.
Gestational diabetes can affect both maternal and newborn health and may increase later diabetes risk. This trial suggests that a practical food-based Mediterranean diet pattern started early in pregnancy may reduce gestational diabetes incidence. The findings are promising, but they come from one trial and should be interpreted in the context of local dietary habits and clinical pregnancy care.
Methods details were limited in the provided excerpts. Participants were unselected pregnant women from a single study context, which may limit generalizability. The control diet was an active dietary model rather than no intervention.
↓ Gestational diabetes incidence: 17.1% in the intervention group vs 23.4% in control
↓ Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR at 24-28 gestational weeks
↓ Gestational weight gain and selected maternal/neonatal events
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Mediterranean diet and Emergency cesarean section rate, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence, and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Mediterranean diet
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
1284
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_intervention_and_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Mediterranean diet → Emergency cesarean section rate
Mediterranean diet → Emergency cesarean section rate
Mediterranean diet → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Mediterranean diet → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Mediterranean diet → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
Mediterranean diet → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
Mediterranean diet → Gestational weight gain
Mediterranean diet → Gestational weight gain
Mediterranean diet → Insulin-treated gestational diabetes
Mediterranean diet → Insulin-treated gestational diabetes
Mediterranean diet → Urinary tract infection rate
Mediterranean diet → Urinary tract infection rate
Evidence Library
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Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Mediterranean diet and Diabetes Incidence and Prevention, Mediterranean diet and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Diabetes Incidence and Prevention
Measures Diabetes Incidence and Prevention as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Mediterranean diet
Contributes to Mediterranean diet evidence base.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
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2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Mediterranean diet appears to improve Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Mediterranean diet for HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Mediterranean diet may improve Emergency cesarean section rate.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Emergency cesarean section rate
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Mediterranean diet may improve Insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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