Last updated May 26, 2026
Key finding
In this small gestational diabetes feasibility trial, culturally tailored low-intensity dietary counseling had similarly high adherence and satisfaction across CALD and non-CALD women, with limited clear differences in most measured dietary endpoints.
This secondary analysis compared CALD and non-CALD women with gestational diabetes in a low-intensity dietary intervention trial. Reported adherence and satisfaction were similarly high between groups, and most end-of-study dietary outcomes were similar. Some subgroup nutrient differences appeared, but the sample was small and the analysis was exploratory.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Low
Study type
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
In this small gestational diabetes feasibility trial, culturally tailored low-intensity dietary counseling had similarly high adherence and satisfaction across CALD and non-CALD women, with limited clear differences in most measured dietary endpoints.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Liu K, Clarke GS, Oxlad M, Grieger JA. Exploring CALD and Non-CALD Women’s Behavioral and Dietary Responses to a Low-Intensity Intervention for Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients. 2025;17(20):3191. doi:10.3390/nu17203191
≈ Treatment adherence was similar across CALD and non-CALD groups
≈ Treatment satisfaction was similar across CALD and non-CALD groups
↓ Sugar intake was lower in one CALD intervention subgroup comparison
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Behavioral counseling and Treatment adherence, Treatment satisfaction.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Behavioral counseling
Primary outcomes
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Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
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Evidence network role
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3
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Evidence pairs
197
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Behavioral counseling → Treatment adherence
Behavioral counseling → Treatment adherence
Behavioral counseling → Treatment satisfaction
Behavioral counseling → Treatment satisfaction
Evidence Library
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Pregnant women with gestational diabetes in antenatal care
This study primarily assessed feasibility and acceptability
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Treatment Adherence, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Treatment Experience.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring Treatment Adherence
Measures Treatment Adherence as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Treatment Experience
Measures Treatment Experience as a key outcome.
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3 results
1 results
3 results
3 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Treatment Adherence.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Treatment adherence
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 73.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appears to improve Treatment Experience.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Treatment satisfaction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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