Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
AID resulted in significant reduction of TBR by -3.7% (95% CI -4.8, -2.6), P < 0.001.
This study evaluated the impact of automated insulin delivery on hypoglycemia risk in adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant reductions in time below range.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of automated insulin delivery on hypoglycemia risk in adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant reductions in time below range.
These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that automated insulin delivery systems can enhance glucose control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, which is a common and dangerous complication in diabetes management. Improved management of blood sugar levels can lead to better overall health outcomes for patients.
The study did not test time with glucose levels <54 mg/dL. Mean sensor glucose readings were similar, limiting differentiation between interventions. The generalizability of findings may be limited to the specific population studied.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Eric R, Michael J, Orianne V, et al. Automated Insulin Delivery Reduces Hypoglycemia Risk in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(12):2180-2187. doi:10.2337/dc23-0685
AID reduced time below range (TBR) by 3.7% (P < 0.001).
AID increased time in target range (TIR) by 8.6% (P < 0.001).
AID decreased time above range (TAR) by 5.3% (P = 0.004).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system, Insulin pump and Mean sensor glucose, Time above range, Time below range, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
953
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence topic
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Evidence topic
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hybrid closed-loop system → Mean sensor glucose
Hybrid closed-loop system → Mean sensor glucose
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time above range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time above range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time below range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time below range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time spent below 54 mg/dL
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time spent below 54 mg/dL
Insulin pump → Time spent below 54 mg/dL
Insulin pump → Time spent below 54 mg/dL
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
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20 results
3 results
20 results
3 results
20 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.8 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.6 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Hybrid closed-loop system may improve mean sensor glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Mean sensor glucose
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system may improve time spent below 54 mg/dl.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Time spent below 54 mg/dL
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Insulin pump for mean sensor glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Mean sensor glucose
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
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