Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
Fully closed-loop use with Fiasp increased time in target range by 12.9 percentage points compared to standard pump.
This study investigated the impact of fully closed-loop insulin delivery on self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, finding improvements in quality of life.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the impact of fully closed-loop insulin delivery on self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, finding improvements in quality of life.
This research highlights the potential of advanced insulin delivery technologies to alleviate the burden of diabetes management in adolescents. Improved quality of life and better glucose control can lead to long-term health benefits, making it crucial for healthcare providers to consider such technologies in treatment plans.
The study's sample size and demographics may limit generalizability. Effectiveness of the closed-loop system remains unclear due to limited quantitative data. Potential unmeasured confounders could influence outcomes.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Nithya K, Janet A, Rama L, et al. In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, fully closed-loop insulin delivery reduced the daily burden of self-management, leading to improved quality of life. Diabetes technology & therapeutics. 2025;27(9):719-727. doi:10.1089/dia.2025.0062
Quality of life improved as participants reported reduced effort in managing diabetes.
Time in target glucose range increased by 12.9 percentage points with the closed-loop system.
No significant differences were found in hypoglycemia fear (p=0.22) or diabetes distress (p=0.12).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system, Insulin therapy and Diabetes distress scores, Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score, Quality of life, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Evidence pairs
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hybrid closed-loop system → Diabetes distress scores
Hybrid closed-loop system → Diabetes distress scores
Hybrid closed-loop system → Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score
Hybrid closed-loop system → Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score
Hybrid closed-loop system → Quality of life
Hybrid closed-loop system → Quality of life
Insulin therapy → Diabetes distress scores
Insulin therapy → Diabetes distress scores
Insulin therapy → Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score
Insulin therapy → Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and Diabetes Distress Measures.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
All studies measuring Diabetes Distress Measures
Measures Diabetes Distress Measures as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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20 results
5 results
20 results
20 results
5 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.8 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve quality of life outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve diabetes distress measures.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes distress scores
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.4 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Insulin Therapies for diabetes distress measures.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes distress scores
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
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