Last updated September 1, 2026
Key finding
24-h %CV was lower in MCT (16.8 ± 0.8%) than CONTROL (18.7 ± 0.9%) (P = 0.033).
This study evaluated the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and whey protein isolate (WPI) on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding reduced glycaemic variability.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and whey protein isolate (WPI) on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding reduced glycaemic variability.
Managing glycaemic variability is crucial for individuals with type 2 diabetes, as it can reduce the risk of complications. This study suggests that incorporating MCT and WPI into the diet may offer a practical dietary strategy to improve glycaemic control.
The sample size and demographic characteristics of participants may limit generalizability. The study did not assess long-term effects of MCT and WPI consumption. The impact of dietary adherence was not evaluated.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Pardeep P, Joanne M, Aline N, et al. Sequential consumption of medium-chain triglycerides and whey protein isolate preloads does not affect glycaemia but lowers glycaemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2025;121(2):232-245. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022
24-h glycaemic variability was lower in MCT (16.8 ± 0.8%) compared to CONTROL (18.7 ± 0.9%) (P = 0.033).
24-h glycaemic variability was lower in MCT + WPI (16.1 ± 0.9%) compared to CONTROL (18.7 ± 0.9%) (P = 0.0004).
Subjective appetite ratings were lower after breakfast and lunch in MCT + WPI (P = 0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), whey protein 20g and Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1), Postprandial glycaemia after breakfast, Peptide YY (PYY) levels after RYGB, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) → Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) → Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) → Postprandial glycaemia after breakfast
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) → Postprandial glycaemia after breakfast
whey protein 20g → Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
whey protein 20g → Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
whey protein 20g → Peptide YY (PYY) levels after RYGB
whey protein 20g → Peptide YY (PYY) levels after RYGB
whey protein 20g → Postprandial glycaemia after breakfast
whey protein 20g → Postprandial glycaemia after breakfast
whey protein 20g → Psychological barriers to adhering to a calorie-restricted diet
whey protein 20g → Psychological barriers to adhering to a calorie-restricted diet
whey protein 20g → Subjective appetite ratings after MCT and WPI preloads
whey protein 20g → Subjective appetite ratings after MCT and WPI preloads
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on whey protein 20g and Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1), whey protein 20g and α-hydroxybutyrate.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
Measures Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1) as a key outcome.
All studies on whey protein 20g
Contributes to whey protein 20g evidence base.
All studies measuring α-hydroxybutyrate
Measures α-hydroxybutyrate as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) appears to improve glycaemic variability (CONGA-1).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) appears to improve postprandial glycaemia after breakfast.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial glycaemia after breakfast
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
whey protein 20g appears to improve glycaemic variability (CONGA-1).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
whey protein 20g appears to improve peptide yy (PYY) levels after rygb.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Peptide YY (PYY) levels after RYGB
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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