Last updated July 12, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c was lower among the intervention group versus the usual care group at 3 months (difference=−0.7%, 95% CI −1.4% to −0.1%; P =.03)
This study evaluated the effects of a digital diabetes self-management education program combined with continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group showed significant improvements in several glycemic outcomes compared to usual care.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of a digital diabetes self-management education program combined with continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group showed significant improvements in several glycemic outcomes compared to usual care.
Improving glycemic control is crucial for preventing complications associated with type 2 diabetes. This study suggests that integrating digital education tools with continuous glucose monitoring can enhance patient outcomes, potentially leading to better long-term health and reduced healthcare costs.
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The long-term effects of the intervention were not assessed beyond 6 months. Potential biases in self-reported data could affect outcome accuracy.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Ashley B, Jeanean BN, Sean Z, et al. The Impact of a Digital Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program Coupled with Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2026;28:e78321. doi:10.2196/78321
HbA1c decreased by 0.7% in the intervention group at 3 months (P = 0.03).
Glucose management indicator improved by 0.9% in the intervention group at 6 months (P = 0.03).
Mean glucose decreased by 36.4 mg/dL in the intervention group at 6 months (P = 0.03).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to DSMES and Glucose management indicator (GMI), HbA1c, Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
DSMES
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
431
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
DSMES → Glucose management indicator (GMI)
DSMES → Glucose management indicator (GMI)
DSMES → Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention
DSMES → Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and CGM Time in Range.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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6 results
2 results
6 results
6 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.7 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 30 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | moderate negative | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
DSMES appears to improve Glucose management indicator (GMI).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose management indicator (GMI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
DSMES appears to improve Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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