Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 79
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Exercise improves metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes with low insulin resistance
Last updated July 15, 2026
Key finding
Weight decreased from 66.94 kg to 65.18 kg in Group 1 (p < 0.01).
This study investigated how baseline insulin resistance affects exercise-induced changes in immune-inflammation and metabolic parameters in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated how baseline insulin resistance affects exercise-induced changes in immune-inflammation and metabolic parameters in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.
Clinical relevance
Understanding how baseline insulin resistance modulates exercise effects can help tailor interventions for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Improved metabolic parameters can lead to better management of the disease and reduce the risk of complications.
Keep in mind
The study design was non-randomized, which may introduce bias. Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. No long-term follow-up data were provided to assess sustained effects.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Wei C, Kai G, Xuelian Z, Keqin Z. Baseline Insulin Resistance Modulates Exercise-Induced Changes in Immune-Inflammation and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025;16:1679142. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1679142
Main Effects
Body weight decreased significantly in both groups (Group 1: -1.76 kg, p < 0.01; Group 2: -1.67 kg, p < 0.01).
BMI showed a significant reduction in both groups (Group 1: -0.64 kg/m², p < 0.05; Group 2: -0.61 kg/m², p < 0.01).
Fasting plasma glucose improved across all groups (p < 0.05).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Aerobic exercise and BMI, Body fat percentage reduction, Body weight, and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Aerobic exercise
Primary outcomes
- BMI
- Body fat percentage reduction
- Body weight
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
9
Evidence pairs
9
Relationships
8
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72
8
Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
2015
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 9 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 8 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Aerobic Exercise and HbA1c
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Aerobic Exercise and Fasting Glucose
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Aerobic Exercise and Body Composition
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Body fat percentage reduction
Aerobic exercise → Body fat percentage reduction
Aerobic exercise → Body fat percentage reduction
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerFINS levels improvement
Aerobic exercise → FINS levels improvement
Aerobic exercise → FINS levels improvement
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 82
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 83
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 83
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 6 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Body weight decreased significantly in both groups, indicating effective weight management.
- BMI and body fat percentage reductions were statistically significant, suggesting improved body composition.
- Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels improved across all groups, reflecting better diabetes control.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.
- Individuals with varying levels of baseline insulin resistance.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study's demographic.
- The non-randomized design limits causal inferences.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term effects of exercise interventions.
Between the Lines
- The study design was non-randomized, which may introduce bias.
- Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability.
- No long-term follow-up data were provided to assess sustained effects.
Evidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Aerobic Exercise and HbA1c, Aerobic Exercise and Fasting Glucose.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Physical Activity
Aerobic Exercise → HbA1c
Physical Activity
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 82
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 83
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 83
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 6 studies
View evidencePhysical Activity
Aerobic Exercise → Fasting Glucose
Physical Activity
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
View evidencePhysical Activity
Aerobic Exercise → Body Weight
Physical Activity
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Aerobic Exercise Evidence Hub
All studies on Aerobic Exercise
6 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Aerobic Exercise evidence base.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
6 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
4 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
3 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Aerobic exercise and HbA1c
Intervention: Aerobic exerciseOutcome: HbA1c
6 results
All studies on Aerobic exercise and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Intervention: Aerobic exerciseOutcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
4 results
All studies on Aerobic exercise
Intervention: Aerobic exercise
6 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
6 results
All studies measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Outcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
4 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Aerobic Exercise lower HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Aerobic Exercise appears to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 81.8 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 11 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Aerobic Exercise improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Aerobic Exercise appears to improve fasting glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 10 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Aerobic Exercise improve body composition?
Strong Evidence
Aerobic Exercise appears to improve body composition.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body fat percentage reduction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Aerobic Exercise affect body mass index?
Strong Evidence
Aerobic Exercise appears to affect body mass index.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
BMI
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.8 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Next steps
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