Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 92
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 83
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 13 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Food-based diet improves weight and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes
Last updated September 12, 2026
Key finding
Mean weight loss in the intervention group was 9.5 kg compared with 2 kg in the control group.
This study evaluated the feasibility of a food-based, low-energy, low-carbohydrate diet with behavioral support for patients with Type 2 Diabetes, showing significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic markers.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the feasibility of a food-based, low-energy, low-carbohydrate diet with behavioral support for patients with Type 2 Diabetes, showing significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic markers.
Clinical relevance
This study highlights a feasible dietary intervention that can significantly aid in weight management and glycemic control for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. As obesity and diabetes rates rise globally, effective dietary strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit generalizability. The follow-up period may not be long enough to assess long-term effects. Potential biases in self-reported dietary adherence.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Elizabeth M, Paul A, Pamela D, et al. Feasibility of a Food-Based, Low-Energy, Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Behavioural Support for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2019;22(4):512-520. doi:10.1111/dom.13915
Main Effects
Participants lost an average of 9.5 kg, compared to 2 kg in the control group.
HbA1c levels decreased by 16.3 mmol/mol in the intervention group versus 0.7 mmol/mol in the control group.
Fasting plasma glucose levels improved by -1.80 mmol/L in the intervention group compared to 0.40 mmol/L in the control group.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Low-carbohydrate diet and Body weight, Diastolic blood pressure, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and 9 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Low-carbohydrate diet
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- Diastolic blood pressure
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
12
Evidence pairs
12
Relationships
8
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
8
Related topics
12
Evidence pairs
3600
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 12 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 8 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Body Weight
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Blood Pressure
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Diastolic blood pressure
Low-carbohydrate diet → Diastolic blood pressure
Low-carbohydrate diet → Diastolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting insulin levels
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting insulin levels
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting insulin levels
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 92
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 83
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 6 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 84
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 93
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 7 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerFeasibility of STEADY intervention based on participant recruitment and retention rates
Low-carbohydrate diet → Feasibility of STEADY intervention based on participant recruitment and retention rates
Low-carbohydrate diet → Feasibility of STEADY intervention based on participant recruitment and retention rates
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFidelity of mHealth intervention
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fidelity of mHealth intervention
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fidelity of mHealth intervention
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 82
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 65
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 24 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerInsulin resistance
Low-carbohydrate diet → Insulin resistance
Low-carbohydrate diet → Insulin resistance
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerRetention of participants
Low-carbohydrate diet → Retention of participants
Low-carbohydrate diet → Retention of participants
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerSystolic blood pressure
Low-carbohydrate diet → Systolic blood pressure
Low-carbohydrate diet → Systolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 79
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 71
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 7 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Mean weight loss of 9.5 kg in the intervention group (p=0.001).
- HbA1c reduction of 16.3 mmol/mol with dietary intervention (p=0.001).
- Fasting insulin levels decreased by 22.2 pmol/L in the intervention group (p=0.005).
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.
- Individuals seeking dietary interventions for weight management.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside of the study sample.
- The intervention's effectiveness in real-world settings is yet to be determined.
- Long-term sustainability of the diet was not assessed.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit generalizability.
- The follow-up period may not be long enough to assess long-term effects.
- Potential biases in self-reported dietary adherence.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c, Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Body Weight.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → HbA1c
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 82
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 65
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 24 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → Body Weight
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 92
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 83
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 13 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → Blood Pressure
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 79
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 71
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 7 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
24 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education Evidence Hub
All studies on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
24 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education evidence base.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
13 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
7 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and HbA1c
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate dietOutcome: HbA1c
24 results
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and Body weight
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate dietOutcome: Body weight
13 results
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate diet
24 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
24 results
All studies measuring Body weight
Outcome: Body weight
13 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education affect body weight?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education appears to affect body weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.4 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 17 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education lower HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 86.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 28 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve blood pressure?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve blood pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Systolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
- 2
Diastolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 8 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve insulin resistance?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.7 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
- 2
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 12 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and Feasibility of STEADY intervention based on participant recruitment and retention ratesAll studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and Fidelity of mHealth interventionAll studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and Retention of participantsAll studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and HbA1c
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