Last updated September 12, 2026
Key finding
No significant alterations in HbA1c levels between trial arms.
This study evaluated the impact of a home-based physical activity program on health outcomes in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes. It found significant improvements in psychological wellbeing but no changes in HbA1c levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of a home-based physical activity program on health outcomes in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes. It found significant improvements in psychological wellbeing but no changes in HbA1c levels.
Improving psychological wellbeing is crucial for managing chronic conditions like diabetes. While blood sugar control is essential, enhancing mental health can lead to better overall health outcomes and adherence to diabetes management strategies.
Unclear effectiveness of the interventions due to lack of significant findings. Limited generalizability as the study focused on a specific population in Saudi Arabia. Potential confounding factors not measured in the study.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Jonathan S, Hussein A, Mohamed SM, et al. Effects of a Home-Based Physical Activity Program on Health-Related Indices in Saudi Arabian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Life. 2023;13(6):1413. doi:10.3390/life13061413
No significant alterations in HbA1c levels between trial arms.
Improvements in psychological wellbeing at follow-up were significantly greater in the home-based physical activity group.
No significant alterations in psychological wellbeing in the control group.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Control Group Usual Activity, Exercise therapy and Depression severity measured by PHQ-9, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Control Group Usual Activity
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Control Group Usual Activity → Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
Control Group Usual Activity → Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
Control Group Usual Activity → Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
Control Group Usual Activity → Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
Exercise therapy → Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
Exercise therapy → Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
Exercise therapy → Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
Exercise therapy → Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Control Group Usual Activity and Depression severity measured by PHQ-9, Control Group Usual Activity and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Physical Activity
Physical Activity
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Control Group Usual Activity
Contributes to Control Group Usual Activity evidence base.
All studies measuring Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
Measures Depression severity measured by PHQ-9 as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
Measures Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST as a key outcome.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Exercise therapy appears to improve depression severity measured by phq-9.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for depression severity measured by phq-9.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Depression severity measured by PHQ-9
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) with ast.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Exercise therapy for hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) with ast.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with AST
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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