Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
The mean estimated treatment difference of changes was -0.21% points (95% confidence interval, -0.39 to -0.02; P = 0.031), favoring IDegAsp.
BL21 probiotic added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
BL21 probiotic added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
This study evaluated BL21 probiotic added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Han NJ, Eun SH, Ye SY, et al. Once-Daily Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart is Superior to Basal Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 2026;50(3):552-564. doi:10.4093/dmj.2024.0741
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Insulin degludec and Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment, GLP-1 Ratio at 30 Minutes Relative to Baseline, HbA1c, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Insulin degludec
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
371
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence topic
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Insulin degludec → Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment
Insulin degludec → Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment
Insulin degludec → GLP-1 Ratio at 30 Minutes Relative to Baseline
Insulin degludec → GLP-1 Ratio at 30 Minutes Relative to Baseline
Insulin degludec → Percentage of hypoglycemic events
Insulin degludec → Percentage of hypoglycemic events
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Therapies and HbA1c, Insulin Therapies and Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Therapies
Contributes to Insulin Therapies evidence base.
All studies measuring Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment
Measures Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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3 results
1 results
3 results
3 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Therapies may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 13 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin degludec appears to improve GLP-1 Ratio at 30 Minutes Relative to Baseline.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
GLP-1 Ratio at 30 Minutes Relative to Baseline
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Insulin degludec for Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Continuous glucose monitoring parameters during treatment
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Insulin degludec for Percentage of hypoglycemic events.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Percentage of hypoglycemic events
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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