Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
Mean total daily TI dose increased to 48 U at 17 weeks (P = .002).
This study evaluated the dosing patterns of Technosphere insulin in adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant increases in total daily doses over 30 weeks.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the dosing patterns of Technosphere insulin in adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant increases in total daily doses over 30 weeks.
Understanding insulin dosing patterns is crucial for optimizing diabetes management. This study highlights the potential of Technosphere insulin to facilitate necessary dose adjustments in adults with Type 1 diabetes, which could lead to better glycemic control and improved patient outcomes.
The study's sample size and generalizability may be limited. A1C improvements were modest and not statistically significant. The long-term effects of TI dosing patterns remain unclear.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Jennifer R, Joseph S, Leah-Elena M, Lorena G, Kevin K. Evaluation of Technosphere Insulin Dosing Patterns in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes. 2026;13(3):428-435. doi:10.1016/j.aed.2025.12.020
Mean total daily TI dose increased from 36 U at baseline to 52 U at week 30 (P < .001).
57% of participants increased their TI dose by >4 U at week 17, rising to 74% at week 30.
A1C levels declined to 7.45% at week 30, though this was not statistically significant (P = .059).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Insulin degludec and Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 17, Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 30, Reduction in Hemoglobin A1C levels, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Insulin degludec
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
5
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
1285
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Insulin degludec → Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 17
Insulin degludec → Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 17
Insulin degludec → Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 30
Insulin degludec → Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 30
Insulin degludec → Reduction in Hemoglobin A1C levels
Insulin degludec → Reduction in Hemoglobin A1C levels
Insulin degludec → TI bolus/basal ratio at week 30
Insulin degludec → TI bolus/basal ratio at week 30
Insulin degludec → Total daily insulin dose
Insulin degludec → Total daily insulin dose
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Therapies and Insulin Resistance, Insulin Therapies and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
Measures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Therapies
Contributes to Insulin Therapies evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Therapies may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Reduction in Hemoglobin A1C levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 16 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Insulin Therapies may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 11 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Insulin Therapies appear to improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Total daily insulin dose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Insulin degludec appears to improve percentage of participants increasing ti dose by >4 u at week 17.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Percentage of participants increasing TI dose by >4 U at week 17
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
