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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Ketoanalogues may slow eGFR decline in type 2 diabetes patients

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Last updated September 12, 2026

Key finding

The decrease in eGFR CysC from the baseline was -4.29 ± 0.96 mL/min in LPD + KA and -8.54 ± 2.19 mL/min in LPD (p = 0.012).

This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogues on kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding a slower decline in eGFR compared to a standard low-protein diet.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Extended (5–20+ y)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogues on kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding a slower decline in eGFR compared to a standard low-protein diet.

Clinical relevance

The findings are significant for managing kidney health in patients with type 2 diabetes, a population at high risk for kidney disease. Slowing the decline in kidney function can reduce the need for dialysis and improve overall patient outcomes, making ketoanalogues a valuable dietary intervention.

Keep in mind

The study did not assess long-term outcomes beyond the intervention period. Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability. The effects of ketoanalogues on other health parameters were not evaluated.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Ramón P, Marcela &, Julia N, et al. The Use of Ketoanalogues Slows the Decline in eGFR in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2026;18(16):2630. doi:10.3390/nu18162630

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

Main Effects

The decline in eGFR Cystatin C was -4.29 ± 0.96 mL/min in the LPD + KA group compared to -8.54 ± 2.19 mL/min in the LPD group (p = 0.012).

No differences in dialysis requirement were observed between the two groups.

Nutritional status, hospitalization rates, morbidity, and mortality showed no significant differences between the groups.

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Low-protein diet and All-cause mortality, Composite multimorbidity score, Dialysis requirement, and 3 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Low-protein diet

Outcome

All-cause mortality

Evidence topic

Cardiovascular Risk

Primary intervention

Low-protein diet

Primary outcomes

  • All-cause mortality
  • Composite multimorbidity score
  • Dialysis requirement

Evidence topics

Cardiovascular Risk

Primary intervention

Low-protein diet

Primary outcomes

All-cause mortalityComposite multimorbidity scoreDialysis requirement

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 63

1

Related topics

6

Evidence pairs

56

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence topic

Cardiovascular Risk

matched_outcome

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

All-cause mortality

Low-protein diet → All-cause mortality

Low-protein diet → All-cause mortality

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Composite multimorbidity score

Low-protein diet → Composite multimorbidity score

Low-protein diet → Composite multimorbidity score

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Dialysis requirement

Low-protein diet → Dialysis requirement

Low-protein diet → Dialysis requirement

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Low-protein diet → Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Low-protein diet → Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Hospitalization rate

Low-protein diet → Hospitalization rate

Low-protein diet → Hospitalization rate

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Nutritional status

Low-protein diet → Nutritional status

Low-protein diet → Nutritional status

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • Ketoanalogues reduced the decline in eGFR by 4.25 mL/min compared to standard low-protein diet.
  • No differences in dialysis needs were found between the two dietary approaches.
  • Nutritional status remained stable across both groups.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • Patients at risk of kidney disease due to diabetes.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • The study's findings are based on a specific population and may not apply to all diabetes patients.
  • Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits of ketoanalogues.
  • The study did not explore the impact of ketoanalogues on other health outcomes.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The study did not assess long-term outcomes beyond the intervention period.
  • Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability.
  • The effects of ketoanalogues on other health parameters were not evaluated.

Evidence Library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on Low-protein diet and Kidney Function, Low-protein diet and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Low-protein diet improve estimated glomerular filtration rate?

Moderate Evidence

Low-protein diet appears to improve estimated glomerular filtration rate.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Estimated glomerular filtration rate

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Low-protein diet improve all-cause mortality?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Low-protein diet for all-cause mortality.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    All-cause mortality

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Low-protein diet improve composite multimorbidity score?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Low-protein diet for composite multimorbidity score.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Composite multimorbidity score

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Low-protein diet improve dialysis requirement?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Low-protein diet for dialysis requirement.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Dialysis requirement

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence
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Next steps

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Evidence topics

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Cardiovascular Risk Evidence Hub

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All studies on Low-protein diet and Estimated glomerular filtration rateAll studies on Low-protein diet and All-cause mortalityAll studies on Low-protein diet and Composite multimorbidity scoreAll studies on Low-protein diet and Dialysis requirement

Related research

Read related research summaries.

High-protein diet shows little effect on glycemic control in diabetesHigh protein diet improves fat loss and lowers blood pressure in obese womenCanagliflozin with metformin reduces cardiovascular risk in T2DMHigher protein intake preserves muscle performance in older adultsLow-carbohydrate diet improves renal function in obese adults with diabetes.

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