NoneNo Change
AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
Liraglutide → AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
Liraglutide → AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Liraglutide is well tolerated in diabetes patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Key finding
Significant increase in maximum glucose level during hemodialysis (p=0.026).
This study investigated the effects of hemodialysis on plasma glucose and liraglutide levels in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease, finding significant increases in maximum glucose and glycemic variability.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
High bias
Last updated July 5, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Liraglutide
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Primary outcome
Mean glucose
Evidence
Moderate confidence
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of hemodialysis on plasma glucose and liraglutide levels in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease, finding significant increases in maximum glucose and glycemic variability.
Clinical relevance
Understanding how hemodialysis affects glucose levels is crucial for managing diabetes in patients with end-stage renal disease. The significant increases in maximum glucose and glycemic variability may necessitate adjustments in diabetes treatment protocols to prevent complications.
Keep in mind
Non-randomized design may introduce bias. Limited sample size restricts generalizability. Lack of long-term follow-up data.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Takeshi O, Miyoko S, Atsuko T, et al. The effect of hemodialysis on the plasma glucose profile and liraglutide level after liraglutide injection was investigated in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e113468. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113468
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Main Effects
Maximum glucose levels increased significantly during hemodialysis (p=0.026, 37.8 mg/dL increase).
Standard deviation of glucose levels increased significantly during hemodialysis (p=0.028, 8.4 mg/dL increase).
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) increased significantly during hemodialysis (p=0.027, 34.4 mg/dL increase).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Liraglutide and AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), Blood glucose, Duration of hypoglycemia, and 8 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Liraglutide
Primary outcomes
- AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
- Blood glucose
- Duration of hypoglycemia
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
11
Evidence pairs
11
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
3
Related topics
11
Evidence pairs
161
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 11 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
Blood glucose
Liraglutide → Blood glucose
Liraglutide → Blood glucose
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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NoneNo Change
Duration of hypoglycemia
Liraglutide → Duration of hypoglycemia
Liraglutide → Duration of hypoglycemia
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeSafety
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NoneNo Change
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Liraglutide → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Liraglutide → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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NoneNo Change
Injection pain score
Liraglutide → Injection pain score
Liraglutide → Injection pain score
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangePatient-Reported
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NoneNo Change
Injection-site adverse reactions
Liraglutide → Injection-site adverse reactions
Liraglutide → Injection-site adverse reactions
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeSafety
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StrongIncrease
Maximum glucose
Liraglutide → Maximum glucose
Liraglutide → Maximum glucose
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseGlycemic Control
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HarmfulIncrease
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Liraglutide → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Liraglutide → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Evidence profile
HarmfulIncreaseGlycemic Control
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NoneNo Change
Minimum glucose
Liraglutide → Minimum glucose
Liraglutide → Minimum glucose
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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StrongIncrease
Standard deviation of glucose
Liraglutide → Standard deviation of glucose
Liraglutide → Standard deviation of glucose
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseGlycemic Control
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NoneNo Change
Time above 13.9 mmol/L
Liraglutide → Time above 13.9 mmol/L
Liraglutide → Time above 13.9 mmol/L
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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Evidence Suggest
- Hemodialysis did not significantly affect mean glucose levels (p=0.158).
- No adverse events, including hypoglycemia, were observed after liraglutide injection.
- Duration of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia remained unchanged during hemodialysis.
Who this applies to
- Patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease.
- Individuals undergoing hemodialysis treatment.
Keep in Mind
- Findings may not apply to patients without ESRD.
- Results are based on a single-arm study design.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term effects.
Between the Lines
- Non-randomized design may introduce bias.
- Limited sample size restricts generalizability.
- Lack of long-term follow-up data.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve fasting glucose?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Fasting Glucose.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 31.5 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve postprandial and ogtt glucose?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Postprandial and OGTT Glucose.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 31.5 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve cgm time in range?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for CGM Time in Range.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Time above 13.9 mmol/L
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 31.5 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve glucose variability?
Limited Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may worsen Glucose Variability or be associated with harm.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 22.8 | moderate negative | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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