Last updated July 5, 2026
Key finding
Significant increase in maximum glucose level during hemodialysis (p=0.026).
This study investigated the effects of hemodialysis on plasma glucose and liraglutide levels in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease, finding significant increases in maximum glucose and glycemic variability.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of hemodialysis on plasma glucose and liraglutide levels in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease, finding significant increases in maximum glucose and glycemic variability.
Understanding how hemodialysis affects glucose levels is crucial for managing diabetes in patients with end-stage renal disease. The significant increases in maximum glucose and glycemic variability may necessitate adjustments in diabetes treatment protocols to prevent complications.
Non-randomized design may introduce bias. Limited sample size restricts generalizability. Lack of long-term follow-up data.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Takeshi O, Miyoko S, Atsuko T, et al. The effect of hemodialysis on the plasma glucose profile and liraglutide level after liraglutide injection was investigated in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e113468. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113468
Maximum glucose levels increased significantly during hemodialysis (p=0.026, 37.8 mg/dL increase).
Standard deviation of glucose levels increased significantly during hemodialysis (p=0.028, 8.4 mg/dL increase).
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) increased significantly during hemodialysis (p=0.027, 34.4 mg/dL increase).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Liraglutide and AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), Blood glucose, Duration of hypoglycemia, and 8 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Liraglutide
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
11
Evidence pairs
427
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Liraglutide → AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
Liraglutide → AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
Liraglutide → Duration of hypoglycemia
Liraglutide → Duration of hypoglycemia
Liraglutide → Injection-site adverse reactions
Liraglutide → Injection-site adverse reactions
Liraglutide → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Liraglutide → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Liraglutide → Standard deviation of glucose
Liraglutide → Standard deviation of glucose
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Postprandial and OGTT Glucose, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL).
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Contributes to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists evidence base.
All studies measuring Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
Measures Postprandial and OGTT Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies measuring AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL)
Measures AUC during hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) as a key outcome.
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2 results
1 results
2 results
2 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 12 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve Postprandial and OGTT Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Time above 13.9 mmol/L
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve Glucose Variability.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | moderate negative | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
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