Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Metabolic surgery improves incretin response in type 2 diabetes patients.

Last updated August 23, 2026

Key finding

AUC for GLP-1 increased from 9371 ± 5973 to 15788 ± 8021 pM (p < 0.05).

Metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (mRYGB) in patients with class II-III obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

Non-randomized CT

Follow-up

Medium-Term (3–12 mo)

Risk of bias

High Risk

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

Metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (mRYGB) in patients with class II-III obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Clinical relevance

This study evaluated Metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (mRYGB) in patients with class II-III obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Keep in mind

Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Laura H, M-Mar R, Roc&#237;o P, et al. Enhanced incretin response and metabolic improvement after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2023;14:1181744. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1181744

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Gastric bypass and Area Under the Curve (AUC) for GLP-1, Area Under the Curve for GLP-2, C-peptide incremental area under the curve (iAUC), and 8 more.

Primary intervention

Gastric bypass

Primary outcomes

  • Area Under the Curve (AUC) for GLP-1
  • Area Under the Curve for GLP-2
  • C-peptide incremental area under the curve (iAUC)

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

11
Evidence pairs
11
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68

4

Related topics

11

Evidence pairs

848

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 11 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence relationship

Bariatric Procedures and Insulin Resistance

Related evidence

Evidence relationship

Bariatric Procedures and Fasting Glucose

Save evidence

Evidence relationship

Bariatric Procedures and HbA1c

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Area Under the Curve (AUC) for GLP-1

Gastric bypass → Area Under the Curve (AUC) for GLP-1

Gastric bypass → Area Under the Curve (AUC) for GLP-1

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Area Under the Curve for GLP-2

Gastric bypass → Area Under the Curve for GLP-2

Gastric bypass → Area Under the Curve for GLP-2

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

C-peptide incremental area under the curve (iAUC)

Gastric bypass → C-peptide incremental area under the curve (iAUC)

Gastric bypass → C-peptide incremental area under the curve (iAUC)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Gastric bypass → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Gastric bypass → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
79
Strong
ImpactScore™
90
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
80
consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Succinate Levels

Gastric bypass → Fasting Plasma Succinate Levels

Gastric bypass → Fasting Plasma Succinate Levels

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

HbA1c

Gastric bypass → HbA1c

Gastric bypass → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
74
Moderate
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Insulin resistance

Gastric bypass → Insulin resistance

Gastric bypass → Insulin resistance

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Gastric bypass → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Gastric bypass → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Total cholesterol

Gastric bypass → Total cholesterol

Gastric bypass → Total cholesterol

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Triglycerides

Gastric bypass → Triglycerides

Gastric bypass → Triglycerides

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Zonulin level

Gastric bypass → Zonulin level

Gastric bypass → Zonulin level

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
53
Emerging
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Bariatric Procedures and Fasting Glucose, Bariatric Procedures and HbA1c.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Bariatric Procedures improve insulin resistance?

Strong Evidence

Bariatric Procedures appears to improve Insulin Resistance.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Insulin resistance

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
5 supporting studiesUpdated: Aug 2026

Does Bariatric Procedures improve fasting glucose?

Strong Evidence

Bariatric Procedures appears to improve Fasting Glucose.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.3 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
7 supporting studiesUpdated: Aug 2026

Does Bariatric Procedures improve HbA1c?

Strong Evidence

Bariatric Procedures appears to improve HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    HbA1c

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 73.6 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
6 supporting studiesUpdated: Aug 2026

Does Bariatric Procedures improve adipokine and angiogenic markers?

Moderate Evidence

Bariatric Procedures appears to improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Total cholesterol

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

  2. 2

    Triglycerides

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.5 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.

Limitations

  • Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
  • Population details are unavailable.
2 supporting studiesUpdated: Aug 2026
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