Last updated July 18, 2026
Key finding
The intervention led to an absolute improvement in the HbA1c control rate of 7.0% (95% CI 4.0% to 10.0%).
The study evaluated an mHealth-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention and found it improved glycemic control compared to usual care.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
The study evaluated an mHealth-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention and found it improved glycemic control compared to usual care.
Improving glycemic control is crucial for diabetes management, as it can reduce the risk of complications associated with the disease. This study highlights the potential of mHealth interventions in enhancing patient outcomes in primary care, suggesting that integrating technology into diabetes management could lead to better health results for patients.
The study did not assess long-term outcomes beyond the intervention period. Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability. No significant differences were found in several key secondary outcomes.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Weiping J, Puhong Z, Dalong Z, et al. mHealth-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention improves glycemic control in primary care. PLOS Medicine. 2021;18(9):e1003754. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003754
The intervention improved HbA1c control rates by 7.0% (95% CI 4.0% to 10.0%).
HbA1c levels decreased significantly from baseline.
Fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly from baseline.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to mHealth diabetes support intervention and Body weight, Control of blood pressure below 140/80 mm Hg, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
mHealth diabetes support intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
732
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Body weight
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Body weight
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Control of blood pressure below 140/80 mm Hg
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Control of blood pressure below 140/80 mm Hg
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Hypoglycemia events
mHealth diabetes support intervention → Hypoglycemia events
mHealth diabetes support intervention → LDL cholesterol
mHealth diabetes support intervention → LDL cholesterol
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions and HbA1c, mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions
Contributes to mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions evidence base.
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Measures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
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3 results
2 results
3 results
3 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions for Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions for Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
LDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
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