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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Mobile app improves diabetes self-management

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Last updated August 29, 2026

Key finding

The results of the usability evaluation revealed overall user satisfaction with the app.

This study evaluated a mobile-based diabetes self-management app, revealing overall user satisfaction and positive feedback from healthcare providers.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study evaluated a mobile-based diabetes self-management app, revealing overall user satisfaction and positive feedback from healthcare providers.

Clinical relevance

This study highlights the potential of mobile health technologies in diabetes management, suggesting that such apps can enhance user engagement and satisfaction. Understanding user experiences and provider feedback is crucial for improving diabetes care and encouraging sustained behavioral changes.

Keep in mind

Effectiveness of the app remains unclear due to insufficient long-term data. Sample size and demographic details were not specified. Potential biases in self-reported satisfaction measures. The study did not assess the app's impact on clinical outcomes.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Gunther E, Reza R, Supraja S, et al. Development and Usability Evaluation of a Mobile-Based Diabetes Self-Management App. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(6):e18167. doi:10.2196/18167

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

Main Effects

User satisfaction with the app was reported positively.

Usability evaluation scores indicated high ratings across multiple dimensions.

Healthcare provider satisfaction was also noted.

Behavioral change tracking requires further research.

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to DSMES and Behavioral change tracking, Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP, Treatment satisfaction, and 1 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

DSMES

Outcome

Behavioral change tracking

Evidence topic

Diabetes Self-Management Education

Primary intervention

DSMES

Primary outcomes

  • Behavioral change tracking
  • Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
  • Treatment satisfaction

Evidence topics

Diabetes Self-Management EducationDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support

Primary intervention

DSMES

Primary outcomes

Behavioral change trackingParticipants' satisfaction evaluation of the APPTreatment satisfaction

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

4
Evidence pairs
4
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 65

2

Related topics

4

Evidence pairs

262

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Add related evidence to your Evidence Tracker

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Primary evidence

Evidence relationship

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Treatment Experience

Related evidence

Evidence topic

Diabetes Self-Management Education

Save evidence

Evidence topic

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Behavioral change tracking

DSMES → Behavioral change tracking

DSMES → Behavioral change tracking

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP

DSMES → Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP

DSMES → Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Treatment satisfaction

DSMES → Treatment satisfaction

DSMES → Treatment satisfaction

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • User satisfaction score showed an increase of 1.56.
  • Usability evaluation scores indicated a median score of 2.35.
  • Healthcare provider satisfaction also indicated an increase of 1.53.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Individuals diagnosed with diabetes.
  • Patients seeking mobile health solutions for diabetes management.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • The study's findings may not generalize to all diabetes populations.
  • Further research is needed to establish long-term effectiveness.
  • Usability scores are subjective and may vary among different users.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • Effectiveness of the app remains unclear due to insufficient long-term data.
  • Sample size and demographic details were not specified.
  • Potential biases in self-reported satisfaction measures.
  • The study did not assess the app's impact on clinical outcomes.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Behavioral change tracking, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Do Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs improve treatment experience?

Strong Evidence

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appear to improve treatment experience.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Treatment satisfaction

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

4 supporting studies
View Full Evidence

Does DSMES improve participants' satisfaction evaluation of the app?

Emerging Evidence

DSMES appears to improve participants' satisfaction evaluation of the app.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does DSMES improve usability evaluation score based on user experience questionnaire?

Emerging Evidence

DSMES appears to improve usability evaluation score based on user experience questionnaire.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Usability evaluation score based on User Experience Questionnaire

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does DSMES improve behavioral change tracking?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of DSMES for behavioral change tracking.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Behavioral change tracking

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence
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Next steps

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Evidence topics

Follow the topics this study contributes to.

Diabetes Self-Management Education Evidence HubDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.

All studies on DSMES and Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APPAll studies on DSMES and Behavioral change trackingAll studies on DSMES and Treatment satisfactionAll studies on DSMES and Usability evaluation score based on User Experience Questionnaire

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