Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Mobile health interventions improve diabetes management for young adults.

Key finding

Emerging adults found the Motivation Enhancement System acceptable and helpful.

This study explored mobile health interventions for emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding them acceptable and relevant.

Evidence strength

Moderate confidence

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Extended (5–20+ y)

Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 7, 2026

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

Population

Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, North America, with T1 Diabetes

Intervention

Motivation Enhancement System, SMS Text Messaging Reminder Intervention, Question Prompt List

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Extended (5–20+ y)

Primary outcome

Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System

Evidence

Moderate confidence

Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study explored mobile health interventions for emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding them acceptable and relevant.

Clinical relevance

These findings highlight the importance of tailoring mobile health interventions to meet the specific needs of emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes. By ensuring these tools are acceptable and relevant, healthcare providers can enhance engagement and potentially improve diabetes management in this population.

Keep in mind

The study design was non-randomized, which may affect the reliability of findings. The sample size and diversity of participants were not specified. Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to lack of quantitative data.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

April IC, Deepika B, Aishah M, et al. Enhancing the Relevance and Efficacy of Mobile Health Interventions for Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Formative Study. JMIR Formative Research. 2025;9:e75623. doi:10.2196/75623

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Main Effects

Emerging adults found the Motivation Enhancement System acceptable and helpful.

Participants appreciated the straightforward nature of the SMS text message reminders.

The Question Prompt List content areas were found relevant and well-aligned with participants' concerns.

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Motivation Enhancement System, Question Prompt List, SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion and Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System, Relevance of Question Prompt List, Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults.

Primary intervention

Motivation Enhancement System

Primary outcomes

  • Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System
  • Relevance of Question Prompt List
  • Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

3
Evidence pairs
3
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 64

2

Related topics

3

Evidence pairs

110

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 3 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

StrongIncrease

Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System

Motivation Enhancement System → Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System

Motivation Enhancement System → Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System

Evidence profile

StrongIncreasePatient-Reported
Unlock full evidence details
StrongIncrease

Relevance of Question Prompt List

Question Prompt List → Relevance of Question Prompt List

Question Prompt List → Relevance of Question Prompt List

Evidence profile

StrongIncreasePatient-Reported
Unlock full evidence details
StrongIncrease

Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults

SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults

SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults

Evidence profile

StrongIncreaseAdherence & Engagement
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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • Participants found the Motivation Enhancement System acceptable and helpful.
  • SMS reminders were appreciated for their straightforwardness.
  • The Question Prompt List was relevant to participants' concerns.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Emerging adults aged 18-25 with Type 1 diabetes.
  • Individuals seeking mobile health interventions for diabetes management.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • The findings may not generalize to older adults or those with Type 2 diabetes.
  • Qualitative feedback does not provide quantitative effectiveness data.
  • Further research is needed to evaluate long-term impacts of these interventions.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The study design was non-randomized, which may affect the reliability of findings.
  • The sample size and diversity of participants were not specified.
  • Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to lack of quantitative data.

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Motivation Enhancement System and Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System, Question Prompt List and Relevance of Question Prompt List.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Archive

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Included in these evidence collections

Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Motivation Enhancement System improve acceptability of motivation enhancement system?

Emerging Evidence

Motivation Enhancement System appears to improve Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System.

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Acceptability of Motivation Enhancement System

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Question Prompt List improve relevance of question prompt list?

Emerging Evidence

Question Prompt List appears to improve Relevance of Question Prompt List.

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Relevance of Question Prompt List

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026

Does SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion improve acceptability of sms text messaging reminder among emerging adults?

Emerging Evidence

SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion appears to improve Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults.

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Acceptability of SMS Text Messaging Reminder among Emerging Adults

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026
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