Last updated July 18, 2026
Key finding
Change in hemoglobin A1c was -2.8% (95% CI, -2.9% to -2.6%)
This study evaluated the impact of a mobile message-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, finding significant reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of a mobile message-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, finding significant reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels.
Improving cardiovascular risk factors in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes is crucial for reducing the risk of complications such as heart disease. This study suggests that mobile message interventions can be a practical and effective tool for enhancing diabetes management and improving patient outcomes.
Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics Potential for self-reporting bias in lifestyle changes Short duration of follow-up may not capture long-term effects
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Pei-Zhen Z, Dan G, Chang-Qin L, et al. Can a mobile message-based intervention improve cardiovascular risk factors among patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes?. JAMA Network Open. 2025;8(9):e2529762. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.29762
Reduction in hemoglobin A1C levels by 2.8% (95% CI, -2.9% to -2.6%)
Change in LDL-C levels decreased by 11.1 mg/dL (95% CI, -14.7 to -7.4)
54.0% of participants in the intervention group achieved controlled hemoglobin A1C compared to 46.1% in the control group (P = 0.04)
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion and BMI, Diastolic blood pressure, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and 7 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
949
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → BMI
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → BMI
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diastolic blood pressure
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diastolic blood pressure
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HDL cholesterol
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HDL cholesterol
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → LDL cholesterol
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → LDL cholesterol
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Percentage of participants achieving controlled hemoglobin A1c levels
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Percentage of participants achieving controlled hemoglobin A1c levels
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Reduction in Hemoglobin A1C levels
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Reduction in Hemoglobin A1C levels
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Systolic blood pressure
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Systolic blood pressure
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Total cholesterol
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Total cholesterol
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Triglycerides
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Triglycerides
Evidence Library
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Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Fasting Glucose, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Measures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
Measures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 11 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Body Mass Index.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
BMI
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 15 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Total cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
LDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
HDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Blood Pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Systolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Diastolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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