Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
There were no significant within-group changes in self-reported outcomes from baseline up to 24 months.
This study evaluated a 2-year pedometer-based physical activity intervention for individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, finding no significant changes in mental health or quality of life outcomes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated a 2-year pedometer-based physical activity intervention for individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, finding no significant changes in mental health or quality of life outcomes.
Understanding the effectiveness of physical activity interventions is crucial for managing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. This study highlights the need for further research to identify effective strategies that can improve mental health and quality of life in this population, as current approaches did not yield significant benefits.
Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Potential unmeasured confounders affecting outcomes. Short follow-up period may not capture long-term effects.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Yohannes W, Jenny R, Therese A, et al. A 2-Year Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Intervention in Individuals with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 2026;17:21501319261434134. doi:10.1177/21501319261434134
No significant changes in self-reported depression (HAD-D) from baseline to 24 months.
No significant changes in self-reported anxiety (HAD-A) from baseline to 24 months.
No significant changes in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D 3L) from baseline to 24 months.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Control Group Usual Activity, Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support), Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) and Diabetes Distress Scale score, Health-related quality of life, Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Control Group Usual Activity
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
15
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Control Group Usual Activity → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Control Group Usual Activity → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Control Group Usual Activity → Health-related quality of life
Control Group Usual Activity → Health-related quality of life
Control Group Usual Activity → Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
Control Group Usual Activity → Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
Control Group Usual Activity → Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Control Group Usual Activity → Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Health-related quality of life
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Health-related quality of life
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Stress
Multi-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps with counseling support) → Stress
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Health-related quality of life
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Health-related quality of life
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Stress
Single-component intervention (self-monitoring of steps without counseling support) → Stress
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Control Group Usual Activity and Diabetes Distress Scale score, Control Group Usual Activity and Quality of Life Outcomes.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Physical Activity
Physical Activity
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Control Group Usual Activity
Contributes to Control Group Usual Activity evidence base.
All studies measuring Diabetes Distress Scale score
Measures Diabetes Distress Scale score as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for Diabetes Distress Scale score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes Distress Scale score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for Health-related quality of life.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Health-related quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Self-reported anxiety measured by HADS
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Self-reported depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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