Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
DDS scores decreased from 3.8 to 1.6.
This study evaluated the impact of Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy on diabetes distress and anxiety in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes, finding significant reductions in distress and anxiety scores.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy on diabetes distress and anxiety in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes, finding significant reductions in distress and anxiety scores.
These findings highlight the potential of behavioral interventions like PMR therapy in managing psychological aspects of diabetes, which can enhance overall treatment outcomes. Reducing diabetes distress and anxiety may lead to better adherence to diabetes management strategies and improved health outcomes for patients.
The study's sample size and demographic diversity were not specified. Potential confounding factors were not controlled for. The generalizability of findings to broader populations may be limited.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Manjula A, Vaishnavi V, Satyavani K, Vijay V. Effect of Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy on Diabetes Distress and Anxiety in Type 2 Diabetes. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2025;161(1):72-80. doi:10.25259/IJMR_1227_2024
Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) scores decreased from 3.8 to 1.6 (p=0.0001).
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale scores decreased from 17.9 to 6.3 (p=0.0001).
HbA1c levels decreased from 9.2% to 7.6% (p=0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to General counselling for stress reduction, PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation and Anxiety score, Diabetes Distress Scale score, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
General counselling for stress reduction
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
622
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
General counselling for stress reduction → Anxiety score
General counselling for stress reduction → Anxiety score
General counselling for stress reduction → Diabetes Distress Scale score
General counselling for stress reduction → Diabetes Distress Scale score
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Anxiety score
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Anxiety score
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Diabetes Distress Scale score
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Diabetes Distress Scale score
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → lipid profiles
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → lipid profiles
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Postprandial blood glucose
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation → Postprandial blood glucose
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation and Fasting Glucose, PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation
Contributes to PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation evidence base.
All studies measuring lipid profiles
Measures lipid profiles as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation appears to improve Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation appears to improve Anxiety score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Anxiety score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
PMR with DSF plus dietary consultation appears to improve Diabetes Distress Scale score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes Distress Scale score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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