Last updated September 4, 2026
Key finding
Fasting insulin decreased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks.
This study evaluated the impact of a structured exercise program on insulin resistance and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in several health markers.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of a structured exercise program on insulin resistance and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in several health markers.
These findings highlight the importance of physical activity in managing Type 2 diabetes. By demonstrating that a structured exercise program can lead to significant health improvements, this study supports the integration of exercise into diabetes care plans, potentially reducing the risk of complications and enhancing patients' quality of life.
Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics Potential unmeasured confounders affecting results
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Sampath KA, G. AM, Vaishali K, B. AS, Victor MM. The effects of a structured exercise program on insulin resistance, glycaemic control, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0302831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302831
Fasting insulin levels decreased by 3.56 μu/mL (p=0.001)
Homa-IR decreased by 1.46 units (p=0.001)
WHOQOL-BREF Physical health score increased by 8.36 points (p=0.001)
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Structured exercise program and 6-minute walk distance, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Fasting insulin levels, and 7 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Structured exercise program
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
5
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
1531
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Structured exercise program → 6-minute walk distance
Structured exercise program → 6-minute walk distance
Structured exercise program → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Structured exercise program → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Structured exercise program → Fasting insulin levels
Structured exercise program → Fasting insulin levels
Structured exercise program → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Structured exercise program → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Structured exercise program → Insulin resistance
Structured exercise program → Insulin resistance
Structured exercise program → WHO QoL-BREF Psychological Domain Score
Structured exercise program → WHO QoL-BREF Psychological Domain Score
Structured exercise program → WHOQOL-BREF Environmental
Structured exercise program → WHOQOL-BREF Environmental
Structured exercise program → WHOQOL-BREF Physical health
Structured exercise program → WHOQOL-BREF Physical health
Structured exercise program → WHOQOL-BREF Social relationship
Structured exercise program → WHOQOL-BREF Social relationship
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Structured exercise program and Cardiovascular Outcomes, Structured exercise program and Fasting Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Cardiovascular Outcomes
Measures Cardiovascular Outcomes as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Structured exercise program
Contributes to Structured exercise program evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Structured exercise program appears to improve 6-minute walk distance.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
6-minute walk distance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Structured exercise program appears to improve fasting blood sugar (FBS).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Structured exercise program appears to improve fasting insulin levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Structured exercise program appears to improve glucose iauc (OGTT).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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