Last updated July 12, 2026
Key finding
Switching to oral semaglutide therapy for 24 weeks significantly reduced oxidative stress.
Switching from DPP-4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide improved oxidative stress and glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Switching from DPP-4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide improved oxidative stress and glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This study highlights the potential benefits of switching to oral semaglutide for patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly in managing oxidative stress and blood sugar levels. Improved glycemic control can lead to better long-term health outcomes, making this switch a valuable consideration for clinicians treating diabetes.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of 24 weeks may not capture long-term effects. No significant change in treatment satisfaction could limit patient adherence.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Makoto O, Hiroki Y, Hiroaki S, et al. Switching from Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors to Oral Semaglutide Improves Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2025;17:126. doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01691-y
Switching to oral semaglutide significantly reduced oxidative stress as measured by diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites.
Switching to oral semaglutide significantly reduced glucose variability.
Switching to oral semaglutide significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c levels.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, Semaglutide and Treatment satisfaction, Change in Diacron-reactive Oxygen Metabolites, Glucose variability, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
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4
Evidence pairs
632
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Treatment satisfaction
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Treatment satisfaction
Semaglutide → Change in Diacron-reactive Oxygen Metabolites
Semaglutide → Change in Diacron-reactive Oxygen Metabolites
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Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and HbA1c, DPP-4 Inhibitors and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Contributes to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists evidence base.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on DPP-4 Inhibitors
Contributes to DPP-4 Inhibitors evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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11 results
3 results
11 results
3 results
11 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 86.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 29 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
DPP-4 Inhibitors may improve Treatment Experience.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Treatment satisfaction
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve Glucose Variability.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose variability
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Semaglutide appears to improve Change in Diacron-reactive Oxygen Metabolites.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in Diacron-reactive Oxygen Metabolites
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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