Last updated July 7, 2026
Key finding
62% of the messages were rated as personally relevant.
This study developed two automated texting systems aimed at improving diabetes self-management. Findings indicated that a significant portion of messages were rated as relevant and confidence-enhancing.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study developed two automated texting systems aimed at improving diabetes self-management. Findings indicated that a significant portion of messages were rated as relevant and confidence-enhancing.
These findings are significant as they highlight the potential of automated texting systems to support diabetes self-management. By tailoring messages to individual preferences, these systems could enhance patient engagement and improve health outcomes, making diabetes management more effective.
Study design was non-randomized, limiting causal inference Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear Sample size and demographics not specified Potential bias in self-reported ratings
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Amaryllis M, Jacob R, Stephanie AR, et al. Development of Two Versions of an Automated Texting System for Diabetes Self-Management. JMIR Formative Research. 2026;10:e83144. doi:10.2196/83144
62% of messages rated as personally relevant
61% of respondents found messages confidence-enhancing
Participants preferred 1-2 texts per day
81 messages flagged for revision by expert panel
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to DSMES and Confidence-enhancing message rating, Customization preference for message frequency, Message relevance rating, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
DSMES
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
98
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_intervention
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
DSMES → Confidence-enhancing message rating
DSMES → Confidence-enhancing message rating
DSMES → Customization preference for message frequency
DSMES → Customization preference for message frequency
DSMES → Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
DSMES → Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
Evidence Library
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Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Confidence-enhancing message rating, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Customization preference for message frequency.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Confidence-enhancing message rating
Measures Confidence-enhancing message rating as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Customization preference for message frequency
Measures Customization preference for message frequency as a key outcome.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
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Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
DSMES appears to improve confidence-enhancing message rating.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Confidence-enhancing message rating
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
DSMES appears to improve customization preference for message frequency.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Customization preference for message frequency
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
DSMES appears to improve message relevance rating.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Message relevance rating
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of DSMES for messages flagged for revision by expert panel.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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