StrongIncrease
Confidence-enhancing message rating
DSMES → Confidence-enhancing message rating
DSMES → Confidence-enhancing message rating
Evidence profile
StrongIncreasePatient-Reported
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Texting System Improves Diabetes Self-Management for Veterans
Key finding
62% of the messages were rated as personally relevant.
This study developed two automated texting systems aimed at improving diabetes self-management. Findings indicated that a significant portion of messages were rated as relevant and confidence-enhancing.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 7, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Diabetes Self-Management Support (DSMS)
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Primary outcome
Message relevance rating
Evidence
Moderate confidence
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study developed two automated texting systems aimed at improving diabetes self-management. Findings indicated that a significant portion of messages were rated as relevant and confidence-enhancing.
Clinical relevance
These findings are significant as they highlight the potential of automated texting systems to support diabetes self-management. By tailoring messages to individual preferences, these systems could enhance patient engagement and improve health outcomes, making diabetes management more effective.
Keep in mind
Study design was non-randomized, limiting causal inference Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear Sample size and demographics not specified Potential bias in self-reported ratings
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Amaryllis M, Jacob R, Stephanie AR, et al. Development of Two Versions of an Automated Texting System for Diabetes Self-Management. JMIR Formative Research. 2026;10:e83144. doi:10.2196/83144
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Main Effects
62% of messages rated as personally relevant
61% of respondents found messages confidence-enhancing
Participants preferred 1-2 texts per day
81 messages flagged for revision by expert panel
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to DSMES and Confidence-enhancing message rating, Customization preference for message frequency, Message relevance rating, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
DSMES
Primary outcomes
- Confidence-enhancing message rating
- Customization preference for message frequency
- Message relevance rating
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
4
Evidence pairs
4
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 63
1
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
43
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongIncrease
Customization preference for message frequency
DSMES → Customization preference for message frequency
DSMES → Customization preference for message frequency
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseAdherence & Engagement
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StrongIncrease
Message relevance rating
DSMES → Message relevance rating
DSMES → Message relevance rating
Evidence profile
StrongIncreasePatient-Reported
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
DSMES → Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
DSMES → Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- 62% of messages were rated as relevant by participants
- 61% found the messages enhanced their confidence
- Participants preferred receiving 1-2 texts daily
Who this applies to
- Individuals managing diabetes
- Patients interested in automated health support
Keep in Mind
- Results may not generalize to all diabetes populations
- Further research needed to confirm effectiveness
- Customization preferences may vary across different demographics
Between the Lines
- Study design was non-randomized, limiting causal inference
- Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear
- Sample size and demographics not specified
- Potential bias in self-reported ratings
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Confidence-enhancing message rating, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Customization preference for message frequency.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) ProgramsConfidence-enhancing message rating
Behavioral & Lifestyle
1 studies
Detailed evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Confidence-enhancing message rating Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Confidence-enhancing message rating
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Confidence-enhancing message rating as a key outcome.
Customization preference for message frequency Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Customization preference for message frequency
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Customization preference for message frequency as a key outcome.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs Evidence Hub
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on DSMES and Confidence-enhancing message rating
Intervention: DSMESOutcome: Confidence-enhancing message rating
1 results
All studies on DSMES and Customization preference for message frequency
Intervention: DSMESOutcome: Customization preference for message frequency
1 results
All studies on DSMES
Intervention: DSMES
1 results
All studies measuring Confidence-enhancing message rating
Outcome: Confidence-enhancing message rating
1 results
All studies measuring Customization preference for message frequency
Outcome: Customization preference for message frequency
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does DSMES improve confidence-enhancing message rating?
Emerging Evidence
DSMES appears to improve Confidence-enhancing message rating.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Confidence-enhancing message rating
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does DSMES improve customization preference for message frequency?
Emerging Evidence
DSMES appears to improve Customization preference for message frequency.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Customization preference for message frequency
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does DSMES improve message relevance rating?
Emerging Evidence
DSMES appears to improve Message relevance rating.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Message relevance rating
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does DSMES improve messages flagged for revision by expert panel?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of DSMES for Messages flagged for revision by expert panel.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Messages flagged for revision by expert panel
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 37.0 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
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