StrongDecrease
Body fat percentage reduction
Endurance exercise → Body fat percentage reduction
Endurance exercise → Body fat percentage reduction
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseWeight & Anthropometrics
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Vitamin D and Exercise Improve Bone Health in Type 2 Diabetes
Key finding
Vitamin D supplementation had significant effects on maintaining bone health.
This study examined the effects of a 12-week intervention combining vitamin D supplementation and endurance exercise on bone health in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 6, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Vitamin D supplementation, Endurance exercise, Vitamin D combined with exercise, Control group
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Primary outcome
Bone mineral density (BMD)
Comparator
Control group (CG)
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the effects of a 12-week intervention combining vitamin D supplementation and endurance exercise on bone health in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical relevance
These findings highlight the importance of vitamin D and exercise in managing bone health for patients with type 2 diabetes, a population at risk for osteoporosis and related complications. Clinicians may consider these interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Keep in mind
Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to limited data. Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Xiaomin S, Wenjuan X, Zhongying L, et al. Effects of a 12-Week Vitamin D and Endurance Exercise Intervention on Bone Health in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Physiology. 2022;13:1003572. doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1003572
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Main Effects
Vitamin D supplementation increased bone mineral density by 0.05 g/cm² (p=0.01).
Vitamin D supplementation increased bone mineral content by 50 g (p=0.01).
Endurance exercise reduced body fat percentage by 1.5% (p=0.05).
Lean body mass increased by 2 kg (p=0.05).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Endurance exercise, Vitamin D supplementation and Body fat percentage reduction, Bone mineral content (BMC), Bone mineral density (BMD), and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Endurance exercise
Primary outcomes
- Body fat percentage reduction
- Bone mineral content (BMC)
- Bone mineral density (BMD)
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
4
Evidence pairs
4
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 64
2
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
91
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongIncrease
Bone mineral content (BMC)
Vitamin D supplementation → Bone mineral content (BMC)
Vitamin D supplementation → Bone mineral content (BMC)
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseClinical Outcomes
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StrongIncrease
Bone mineral density (BMD)
Vitamin D supplementation → Bone mineral density (BMD)
Vitamin D supplementation → Bone mineral density (BMD)
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
StrongIncrease
Lean body mass
Vitamin D supplementation → Lean body mass
Vitamin D supplementation → Lean body mass
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseWeight & Anthropometrics
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Evidence Suggest
- Vitamin D improved bone density and content significantly.
- Endurance exercise reduced body fat percentage effectively.
- No serious adverse events were reported during the trial.
Who this applies to
- Adults aged 30-65 with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals at risk for osteoporosis.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study demographics.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term effects.
- The study did not assess the impact of dietary factors on outcomes.
Between the Lines
- Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to limited data.
- Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability.
- Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Endurance exercise and Body Composition, Vitamin D supplementation and Bone Mineral Density.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Body Composition Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Composition
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Composition as a key outcome.
Bone Mineral Density Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Bone Mineral Density
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Bone Mineral Density as a key outcome.
Endurance exercise Evidence Hub
All studies on Endurance exercise
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Endurance exercise evidence base.
Vitamin D supplementation Evidence Hub
All studies on Vitamin D supplementation
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Vitamin D supplementation evidence base.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Endurance exercise and Body fat percentage reduction
Intervention: Endurance exerciseOutcome: Body fat percentage reduction
1 results
All studies on Vitamin D supplementation and Bone mineral content (BMC)
Intervention: Vitamin D supplementationOutcome: Bone mineral content (BMC)
1 results
All studies on Endurance exercise
Intervention: Endurance exercise
1 results
All studies on Vitamin D supplementation
Intervention: Vitamin D supplementation
1 results
All studies measuring Body fat percentage reduction
Outcome: Body fat percentage reduction
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Endurance exercise improve body fat percentage reduction?
Emerging Evidence
Endurance exercise appears to improve Body fat percentage reduction.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body fat percentage reduction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Vitamin D supplementation improve bone mineral content (bmc)?
Emerging Evidence
Vitamin D supplementation appears to improve Bone mineral content (BMC).
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Bone mineral content (BMC)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Vitamin D supplementation improve bone mineral density (bmd)?
Emerging Evidence
Vitamin D supplementation appears to improve Bone mineral density (BMD).
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Bone mineral density (BMD)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Vitamin D supplementation affect lean body mass?
Emerging Evidence
Vitamin D supplementation may improve Lean body mass.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Lean body mass
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 47.1 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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