#1 Cardiovascular Outcomes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 66
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 12 studies
Explore evidenceClinical Outcomes
Last updated: July 15, 2026
Key takeaway
Clinical Outcomes has evidence across 10 diabetes-related interventions, with strongest support for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT2 Inhibitors and SGLT2 Inhibitors.
Evidence status
Extensive ResearchEvidence Base: 81/100
Related Evidence Topics
Evidence Intelligence™
Every evidence topic is generated from structured relationships across diabetes research, including topics, interventions, outcomes, and individual studies.
508
Evidence relationships
544
Studies reviewed
18
Interventions evaluated
Strongest evidence area
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Top Evidence Areas
Showing grouped evidence. Expand in Evidence Explorer for detailed intervention-outcome pairs.Open Evidence Explorer
| Rank | Intervention group | Outcome group | EvidenceScore™ | ImpactScore™ | Consistency | Studies | Effectiveness | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 85/100Strong | 66/100Slightly Positive | 35/100mixed | 12 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #2 | SGLT2 Inhibitors | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 84/100Strong | 78/100Positive | 60/100generally_consistent | 5 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #3 | SGLT2 Inhibitors | Kidney Function | 82/100Strong | 77/100Positive | 80/100consistent | 6 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #4 | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Cardiovascular Outcomes | Strong | 83/100Positive | 67/100generally_consistent | 3 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #5 | Glycemic Control Treatments | Cardiovascular Outcomes | Strong | 67/100Slightly Positive | 35/100mixed | 3 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #6 | Insulin Delivery Systems | Sleep Outcomes | Strong | 58/100Slightly Positive | 35/100mixed | 3 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #7 | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Kidney Function | 79/100Strong | 68/100Positive | 35/100mixed | 5 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #8 | DPP-4 Inhibitors | Kidney Function | Moderate | 100/100Very Positive | 35/100mixed | 2 | strong_positive | Explore evidence |
| #9 | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Diabetes Incidence and Prevention | Moderate | 78/100Positive | 100/100consistent | 2 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #10 | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Retinopathy | Moderate | 75/100Positive | 35/100mixed | 2 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
#2 Cardiovascular Outcomes
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 84
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 78
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 60
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Explore evidence#3 Kidney Function
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Kidney Function
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 82
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 77
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 6 studies
Explore evidence#4 Cardiovascular Outcomes
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 83
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Explore evidence#5 Cardiovascular Outcomes
Glycemic Control Treatments → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Explore evidence#6 Sleep Outcomes
Insulin Delivery Systems → Sleep Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 58
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Explore evidence#7 Kidney Function
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Kidney Function
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 79
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 68
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Explore evidence#8 Kidney Function
DPP-4 Inhibitors → Kidney Function
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Explore evidence#9 Diabetes Incidence and Prevention
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Diabetes Incidence and Prevention
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 78
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Explore evidence#10 Retinopathy
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Retinopathy
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Explore evidencePractical Questions
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
Which interventions have the strongest evidence for affecting Clinical Outcomes?
evidence strengthStrong Evidence
Semaglutide have the strongest available evidence signals for Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Semaglutide
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 10 studies
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Which interventions are most often studied for Clinical Outcomes?
most studiedEmerging Evidence
Dapagliflozin, Semaglutide, and Vitamin D supplementation are among the most studied areas in relation to Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Semaglutide
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 14 studies
- 2
Vitamin D supplementation
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 13 studies
- 3
Dapagliflozin
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 63.1 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 6 studies
Why this answer: This answer is based on 33 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Where are results mixed or inconsistent for Clinical Outcomes?
consistency issuesModerate Evidence
Results are mixed or unclear for Hybrid closed-loop system, Intensive glycemic control, and Semaglutide in relation to Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Semaglutide
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.9 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 9 studies
- 2
SGLT2 inhibitors
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 2 studies
- 3
Intensive glycemic control
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 2 studies
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Which interventions need more research for Clinical Outcomes?
research gapsEmerging Evidence
40% dextrose gel (200 mg/kg) need more research in relation to Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
40% dextrose gel (200 mg/kg)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
How does Semaglutide compare with Semaglutide for Clinical Outcomes?
compareStrong Evidence
Semaglutide have available evidence for Clinical Outcomes, but the comparison requires review of the underlying studies.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: Some evidence reported benefits while other evidence found little or no effect.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Semaglutide
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 10 studies
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Interventions Studied for Clinical Outcomes
Intervention categories most commonly studied for clinical outcomes outcomes.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
EvidenceScore™ 62/100
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
71 Studies
SGLT2 Inhibitors
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
50 Studies
DPP-4 Inhibitors
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
20 Studies
Liraglutide
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
18 Studies
Insulin Therapies
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
9 Studies
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
8 Studies
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Evidence Landscape
Evidence landscape
Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and EvidenceScoreâ„¢; size reflects study volume.
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