Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
PI decreased from 2.35 ± 0.28 at baseline to 1.32 ± 0.22 at 3 months.
This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, showing significant improvements in various periodontal parameters.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, showing significant improvements in various periodontal parameters.
Improving periodontal health in patients with diabetes is crucial, as periodontal disease can exacerbate diabetes complications. This study suggests that incorporating aPDT into standard treatment may enhance outcomes for patients suffering from both chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes, potentially leading to better overall health and quality of life.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability Short follow-up period of 3 months No significant changes in HbA1c levels observed
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Priyanka A, Pratibha S, Rakshitha S. Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Indocyanine Green as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2025;15(3):525-533. doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.004
Plaque index decreased from 2.35 to 1.32 (p=0.001)
Gingival index decreased from 2.20 to 1.02 (p=0.001)
Probing depth decreased from 3.70 mm to 1.24 mm (p=0.001)
Clinical attachment level decreased from 6.76 mm to 2.81 mm (p=0.001)
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) and Clinical attachment level, Colony forming units of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Colony forming units of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD)
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
348
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Clinical attachment level
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Clinical attachment level
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Colony forming units of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Colony forming units of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Colony forming units of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Colony forming units of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Gingival Index (GI)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Gingival Index (GI)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → HbA1c
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → HbA1c
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Periodontal probing depth
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Periodontal probing depth
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Plaque Index (PI)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) → Plaque Index (PI)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) and Clinical attachment level, Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD)
Contributes to Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) evidence base.
All studies measuring Clinical attachment level
Measures Clinical attachment level as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) appears to improve Clinical attachment level.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Clinical attachment level
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) for HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) appears to improve Colony forming units of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Colony forming units of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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