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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Dietary changes in women with gestational diabetes show mixed results

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Last updated September 9, 2026

Key finding

Higher odds of dietary improvement were seen in women with baseline BMI ≥30 kg/m² [odds ratio (OR): 3.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60, 6.80].

This study analyzed dietary changes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and identified predictors of improvement.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

High Risk

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study analyzed dietary changes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and identified predictors of improvement.

Clinical relevance

Understanding the factors that influence dietary changes in women with GDM can help healthcare providers tailor interventions to improve dietary habits, potentially reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later. This is crucial for both maternal and child health.

Keep in mind

The overall mean DQS did not change, limiting conclusions about dietary quality. Results may not be generalizable to all populations of women with GDM. Potential confounding factors were not fully explored, such as social support.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Anju R, Helle TM, Inger KD, et al. Dietary Changes and Predictors of Improvement in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis. The Journal of Nutrition. 2025;155(12):4380-4389. doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.025

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

Main Effects

66% of women modified their dietary quality despite no overall change in DQS.

Women with BMI ≥30 kg/m² had increased odds of dietary improvement (OR: 3.29).

Women perceiving their diet as unhealthy showed higher odds of improvement (OR: 3.84).

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement, Dietary Quality Score (DQS), Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia, and 3 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM

Outcome

Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

Primary intervention

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM

Primary outcomes

  • Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement
  • Dietary Quality Score (DQS)
  • Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Primary intervention

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM

Primary outcomes

Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvementDietary Quality Score (DQS)Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
0
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 54

0

Related topics

6

Evidence pairs

0

Related studies

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 0 direct semantic evidence topics

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
25
Negative
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Odds of dietary improvement in fully breastfeeding women

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Odds of dietary improvement in fully breastfeeding women

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Odds of dietary improvement in fully breastfeeding women

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m²

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m²

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m²

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM → Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • 66% of participants modified their dietary habits.
  • Higher odds of improvement for women with BMI ≥30 kg/m² (OR: 3.29).
  • Women perceiving their diet as unhealthy had increased odds of improvement (OR: 3.84).
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Women recently diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
  • Women with a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • The study's findings are based on a specific intervention and may not apply to all dietary interventions.
  • The lack of change in overall DQS suggests that while some women improved, others did not.
  • Breastfeeding status was associated with lower odds of dietary improvement, indicating a need for targeted support.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The overall mean DQS did not change, limiting conclusions about dietary quality.
  • Results may not be generalizable to all populations of women with GDM.
  • Potential confounding factors were not fully explored, such as social support.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.

Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement, Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Dietary Quality Score (DQS).

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Included in these evidence collections

Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.

Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

1 studies
outcome_hub

Measures Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement as a key outcome.

Dietary Quality Score (DQS) Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

1 studies
outcome_hub

Measures Dietary Quality Score (DQS) as a key outcome.

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM Evidence Hub

All studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM

1 studies
intervention_hub

Contributes to Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM evidence base.

Recent Diabetes Research

Latest published studies

recency_collection

Published within the last 2 years.

Explore more in Evidence Explorer

Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.

All studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

Intervention: Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDMOutcome: Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

1 results

All studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

Intervention: Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDMOutcome: Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

1 results

All studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM

Intervention: Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM

1 results

All studies measuring Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

Outcome: Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

1 results

All studies measuring Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

Outcome: Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

1 results

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

What evidence is available on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²?

Emerging Evidence

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM appears to affect odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m².

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

What evidence is available on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m²?

Emerging Evidence

Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM appears to affect odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m².

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Odds of dietary improvement in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m²

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

What evidence is available on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and association of risk perception of t2dm with dietary improvement?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear reduction in association of risk perception of t2dm with dietary improvement with Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvement

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM improve dietary quality score (DQS)?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM for dietary quality score (DQS).

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Dietary Quality Score (DQS)

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence
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Next steps

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All studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Dietary Quality Score (DQS)All studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Association of risk perception of T2DM with dietary improvementAll studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemiaAll studies on Health promotion intervention for women with recent GDM and Odds of dietary improvement in fully breastfeeding women

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