Last updated August 22, 2026
Key finding
Plasma levels of malondialdehyde decreased (P AP = 0.003).
This study investigated the effects of high-protein diets on oxidative and nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes patients, finding that both animal and plant protein diets reduced oxidative stress but increased nitrosative stress.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
This study investigated the effects of high-protein diets on oxidative and nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes patients, finding that both animal and plant protein diets reduced oxidative stress but increased nitrosative stress.
Understanding the balance between oxidative and nitrosative stress is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes. While reducing oxidative stress is beneficial, the increase in nitrosative stress could pose additional risks, highlighting the need for careful dietary planning in diabetic patients.
Unclear effectiveness of diets on overall health outcomes. Limited generalizability due to specific participant characteristics. Potential confounding factors not measured.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Olga P, Mariya M, Daniela W, et al. High-protein diets reduce oxidative stress but increase nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes patients. Redox Biology. 2020;29:101397. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2019.101397
Plasma malondialdehyde decreased by -0.87 µmol/L (P AP = 0.003).
Plasma protein carbonyl levels decreased by -0.67 µmol/L (P PP = 3.0 × 10^-5).
Nitrotyrosine levels increased by 0.15 µmol/L (P AP = 0.005).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Animal Protein Diet, Plant Protein Diet and Change in protein carbonyl levels, Increased plasma carotenoid levels, Nitrotyrosine levels, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Animal Protein Diet
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
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Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Animal Protein Diet → Change in protein carbonyl levels
Animal Protein Diet → Change in protein carbonyl levels
Animal Protein Diet → Increased plasma carotenoid levels
Animal Protein Diet → Increased plasma carotenoid levels
Animal Protein Diet → Nitrotyrosine levels
Animal Protein Diet → Nitrotyrosine levels
Animal Protein Diet → Plasma malondialdehyde levels
Animal Protein Diet → Plasma malondialdehyde levels
Plant Protein Diet → Alpha-tocopherol levels
Plant Protein Diet → Alpha-tocopherol levels
Plant Protein Diet → Change in protein carbonyl levels
Plant Protein Diet → Change in protein carbonyl levels
Plant Protein Diet → Nitrotyrosine levels
Plant Protein Diet → Nitrotyrosine levels
Plant Protein Diet → Plasma malondialdehyde levels
Plant Protein Diet → Plasma malondialdehyde levels
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Animal Protein Diet and Nitrotyrosine levels, Animal Protein Diet and Increased plasma carotenoid levels.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Animal Protein Diet
Contributes to Animal Protein Diet evidence base.
All studies measuring Increased plasma carotenoid levels
Measures Increased plasma carotenoid levels as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Nitrotyrosine levels
Measures Nitrotyrosine levels as a key outcome.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Animal Protein Diet appears to improve Change in protein carbonyl levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in protein carbonyl levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Animal Protein Diet appears to improve Increased plasma carotenoid levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Increased plasma carotenoid levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Animal Protein Diet appears to improve Plasma malondialdehyde levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Plasma malondialdehyde levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Plant Protein Diet appears to improve Change in protein carbonyl levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in protein carbonyl levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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