Last updated September 12, 2026
Key finding
AUC 0-tz, degludec; treatment ratio IDegLira/degludec 1.00 (90% CI 0.96;1.04)
This study analyzed the pharmacokinetics of insulin degludec/liraglutide in 720 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes over 26 weeks, revealing unclear effectiveness.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study analyzed the pharmacokinetics of insulin degludec/liraglutide in 720 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes over 26 weeks, revealing unclear effectiveness.
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of insulin treatments is crucial for optimizing diabetes management. This study's findings could help healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes, although the unclear effectiveness highlights the need for further research.
Effectiveness of treatments remains unclear due to ambiguous results. Study population limited to Chinese individuals, affecting generalizability. No significant p-values reported for outcomes, limiting interpretability.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Hongzhong L, Bin L, Xia C, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of a 26-week, phase III, treat-to-target, randomized trial of 720 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2021;13(4):652-656. doi:10.1111/jdi.13716
AUC 0-tz for degludec showed no change with a treatment ratio of 1.00 (90% CI 0.96;1.04).
C max for degludec decreased by 0.1 with a treatment ratio of 0.90 (90% CI 0.78;1.04).
AUC 0-tz for liraglutide decreased with a treatment ratio of 0.88 (90% CI 0.83;0.94).
C max for liraglutide decreased by 0.17 with a treatment ratio of 0.83 (90% CI 0.75;0.92).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Insulin degludec and AUC 0-tz for degludec, AUC 0-tz for liraglutide, C max for degludec, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Insulin degludec
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
37
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_intervention
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Insulin degludec → AUC 0-tz for degludec
Insulin degludec → AUC 0-tz for degludec
Insulin degludec → AUC 0-tz for liraglutide
Insulin degludec → AUC 0-tz for liraglutide
Insulin degludec → C max for liraglutide
Insulin degludec → C max for liraglutide
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Therapies and AUC 0-tz for degludec, Insulin Therapies and AUC 0-tz for liraglutide.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring AUC 0-tz for degludec
Measures AUC 0-tz for degludec as a key outcome.
All studies measuring AUC 0-tz for liraglutide
Measures AUC 0-tz for liraglutide as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Therapies
Contributes to Insulin Therapies evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin degludec appears to improve auc 0-tz for degludec.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
AUC 0-tz for degludec
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Insulin degludec appears to improve auc 0-tz for liraglutide.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
AUC 0-tz for liraglutide
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Insulin degludec appears to improve c max for degludec.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
C max for degludec
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Insulin degludec appears to improve c max for liraglutide.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
C max for liraglutide
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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