NoneNo Change
Calcium
Control (Usual Activity) → Calcium
Control (Usual Activity) → Calcium
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Inulin-type fructans show little effect on bone health in T2D
Key finding
Inulin-type fructans did not significantly affect serum concentrations of calcium (0.05 ± 0.02 mmol/L vs. 0.02 ± 0.03 mmol/L, p = 0.324).
This study investigated the effects of inulin-type fructans on serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant improvements.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
High bias
Last updated July 3, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Inulin-type fructans, Control supplement (maltodextrin)
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Primary outcome
Serum calcium
Comparator
Control supplement (maltodextrin)
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of inulin-type fructans on serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant improvements.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the effects of dietary supplements like inulin-type fructans on nutrient levels is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes. Since the study showed no significant improvements in serum calcium, magnesium, or vitamin D, it suggests that healthcare providers may need to consider alternative strategies to manage these nutrient levels in diabetic patients.
Keep in mind
The study may have a limited sample size affecting generalizability. The duration of the intervention may not have been sufficient to observe changes. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Eline B, Wuraola AB, Kristine DM, et al. Inulin-type fructans did not improve serum levels of calcium, magnesium, or vitamin D in people with T2D. Archives of Osteoporosis. 2025;20(1):71. doi:10.1007/s11657-025-01556-x
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Main Effects
Inulin-type fructans did not significantly affect serum calcium levels (0.05 mmol/L vs. 0.02 mmol/L, p = 0.324).
Inulin-type fructans did not significantly affect serum magnesium levels (0.02 mmol/L vs. 0.00 mmol/L, p = 0.352).
Inulin-type fructans did not significantly affect serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels (-3.60 nmol/L vs. -2.00 nmol/L, p = 0.564).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Control (Usual Activity), Inulin-type fructans and Calcium, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Serum CTX-1, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Control (Usual Activity)
Primary outcomes
- Calcium
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- Serum CTX-1
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 63
1
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
14
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum CTX-1
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum CTX-1
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum CTX-1
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum magnesium
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum magnesium
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum magnesium
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum P1NP
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum P1NP
Control (Usual Activity) → Serum P1NP
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Calcium
Inulin-type fructans → Calcium
Inulin-type fructans → Calcium
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Inulin-type fructans → Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Inulin-type fructans → Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum CTX-1
Inulin-type fructans → Serum CTX-1
Inulin-type fructans → Serum CTX-1
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum magnesium
Inulin-type fructans → Serum magnesium
Inulin-type fructans → Serum magnesium
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Serum P1NP
Inulin-type fructans → Serum P1NP
Inulin-type fructans → Serum P1NP
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- No significant change in serum calcium levels with inulin-type fructans (p = 0.324).
- No significant change in serum magnesium levels with inulin-type fructans (p = 0.352).
- No significant change in serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels with inulin-type fructans (p = 0.564).
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals looking to manage their serum nutrient levels.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside of those with type 2 diabetes.
- The findings are based on a specific intervention duration.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and different populations.
Between the Lines
- The study may have a limited sample size affecting generalizability.
- The duration of the intervention may not have been sufficient to observe changes.
- Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Probiotics and Synbiotics improve kidney function?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Probiotics and Synbiotics for Kidney Function.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Serum CTX-1
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 29.1 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Probiotics and Synbiotics improve adipokine and angiogenic markers?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Probiotics and Synbiotics for Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 29.1 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 2
Serum magnesium
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 29.1 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Control (Usual Activity) improve calcium?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control (Usual Activity) for Calcium.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Calcium
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 29.1 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Control (Usual Activity) improve serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control (Usual Activity) for Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 29.1 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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