StrongDecrease
Body weight
Liraglutide → Body weight
Liraglutide → Body weight
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseWeight & Anthropometrics
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Liraglutide shows no effect on plasma GDF15 levels
Key finding
Liraglutide treatment decreased body weight significantly.
This study investigated the effects of liraglutide on plasma GDF15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant changes in GDF15 levels.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 4, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Liraglutide, Placebo
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Primary outcome
Body weight
Comparator
Placebo
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of liraglutide on plasma GDF15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant changes in GDF15 levels.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the effects of liraglutide on weight and biomarkers like GDF15 is crucial for diabetes management. While weight loss is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes, the lack of effect on GDF15 levels suggests that liraglutide may not influence this particular biomarker, which could have implications for understanding its overall metabolic effects.
Keep in mind
The study did not assess long-term effects of liraglutide on GDF15 levels. Sample size and population characteristics may limit generalizability. The effectiveness of liraglutide on other metabolic parameters was not evaluated.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Carlijn AH, Maaike ES, Maurice BB, et al. Liraglutide treatment does not modify plasma GDF15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Experimental Physiology. 2024;109(8):1292-1304. doi:10.1113/EP091815
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Main Effects
Liraglutide treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight by 4.5 kg (p=0.01).
Liraglutide did not modify plasma GDF15 levels in any patients.
Placebo treatment also did not affect plasma GDF15 levels.
Evidence network
How this study fits
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Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Liraglutide and Body weight, Growth differentiation factor 15.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Liraglutide
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- Growth differentiation factor 15
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
2
Evidence pairs
2
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 60
3
Related topics
2
Evidence pairs
140
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 2 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
Growth differentiation factor 15
Liraglutide → Growth differentiation factor 15
Liraglutide → Growth differentiation factor 15
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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Evidence Suggest
- Liraglutide led to a weight reduction of 4.5 kg (p=0.01).
- No change in plasma GDF15 levels was observed with liraglutide.
- Placebo also showed no effect on GDF15 levels.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients undergoing treatment with liraglutide.
Keep in Mind
- The study focused solely on the effects of liraglutide and did not explore other treatments.
- Findings may not apply to populations outside the study's sample.
- The lack of effect on GDF15 levels suggests further research is needed to understand liraglutide's mechanisms.
Between the Lines
- The study did not assess long-term effects of liraglutide on GDF15 levels.
- Sample size and population characteristics may limit generalizability.
- The effectiveness of liraglutide on other metabolic parameters was not evaluated.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Body Weight.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
3 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Evidence Hub
All studies on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
3 studies
intervention_hubContributes to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
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Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does GLP-1 Receptor Agonists affect body weight?
Emerging Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve Body Weight.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.2 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 23 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve inflammatory markers?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Markers.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Growth differentiation factor 15
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 34.2 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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