Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
Mean PD decreased from 3.3 ± 0.5 mm at baseline to 2.9 ± 0.4 mm at 6 months (p < 0.001).
This study investigated the factors influencing the response to periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, finding significant improvements in periodontal measurements.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the factors influencing the response to periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, finding significant improvements in periodontal measurements.
Improving periodontal health in patients with diabetes is crucial as it can enhance overall health and quality of life. However, the lack of change in HbA1c levels suggests that dental treatments alone may not suffice for managing diabetes, highlighting the need for integrated care approaches.
Unclear effectiveness of some interventions Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics No significant change in HbA1c levels
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Nidia CDS, Arthur M, Tiago R, et al. Factors influencing the response to periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2025;33:e20250211. doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2025-0211
Probing Depth decreased by 0.4 mm (p < 0.001)
Clinical Attachment Level decreased by 0.3 mm (p = 0.020)
Bleeding on Probing decreased by 17.3% (p < 0.001)
Plaque Index decreased by 15.7% (p < 0.001)
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide and Bleeding on probing, Clinical attachment level, HbA1c, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
425
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Bleeding on probing
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Clinical attachment level
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Clinical attachment level
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → HbA1c
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → HbA1c
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Number of Sites with Probing Depth ≥ 5 mm
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Number of Sites with Probing Depth ≥ 5 mm
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Periodontal probing depth
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Plaque Index (PI)
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide → Plaque Index (PI)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide and Bleeding on probing, Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide and Periodontal probing depth.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Procedures
Procedures
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Bleeding on probing
Measures Bleeding on probing as a key outcome.
All studies on Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide
Contributes to Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide evidence base.
All studies measuring Periodontal probing depth
Measures Periodontal probing depth as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide appears to improve Bleeding on probing.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Bleeding on probing
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide appears to improve Clinical attachment level.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Clinical attachment level
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Non-surgical periodontal treatment + Zinc gluconate and Magnesium oxide appears to improve Number of Sites with Probing Depth ≥ 5 mm.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Number of Sites with Probing Depth ≥ 5 mm
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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