Last updated July 3, 2026
Key finding
Serum magnesium was significantly higher after treatment with magnesium than with placebo (0.76 ± 0.02 vs 0.69 ± 0.02 mmol/L, P < .001).
Magnesium supplementation compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
Magnesium supplementation compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes.
This study evaluated Magnesium supplementation compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Linda CAD, Mandala A, Jeroen HFDB, Cees JT, Bastiaan EDG, Rinke S. Magnesium supplementation modulates T-cell function in type 2 diabetes patients with low magnesium levels. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2024;109(12):e2240-e2245. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae097
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Magnesium supplement and 24-h urine magnesium excretion, C-reactive protein, Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Magnesium supplement
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
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1
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
69
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Contributes evidence
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Magnesium supplement → 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Magnesium supplement → 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Magnesium supplement → C-reactive protein
Magnesium supplement → C-reactive protein
Magnesium supplement → Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
Magnesium supplement → Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
Magnesium supplement → Interferon-γ production from CD8+ T-cells
Magnesium supplement → Interferon-γ production from CD8+ T-cells
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Magnesium Supplements and 24-h urine magnesium excretion, Magnesium Supplements and Inflammatory Markers.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Supplements
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Measures 24-h urine magnesium excretion as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Inflammatory Markers
Measures Inflammatory Markers as a key outcome.
All studies on Magnesium Supplements
Contributes to Magnesium Supplements evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Magnesium Supplements may improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Serum magnesium
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Magnesium Supplements for Inflammatory Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
C-reactive protein
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
Magnesium supplement appears to improve 24-h urine magnesium excretion.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
24-h urine magnesium excretion
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Magnesium supplement for Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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