StrongIncrease
24-h urine magnesium excretion
Magnesium supplement → 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Magnesium supplement → 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseMetabolic Health
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Magnesium improves T-cell function in type 2 diabetes.
Key finding
Serum magnesium was significantly higher after treatment with magnesium than with placebo (0.76 ± 0.02 vs 0.69 ± 0.02 mmol/L, P < .001).
Magnesium supplementation compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 3, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Magnesium supplementation, Placebo
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Primary outcome
Serum magnesium
Comparator
Placebo
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Magnesium supplementation compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical relevance
This study evaluated Magnesium supplementation compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Keep in mind
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Linda CAD, Mandala A, Jeroen HFDB, Cees JT, Bastiaan EDG, Rinke S. Magnesium supplementation modulates T-cell function in type 2 diabetes patients with low magnesium levels. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2024;109(12):e2240-e2245. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae097
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Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Magnesium supplement and 24-h urine magnesium excretion, C-reactive protein, Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Magnesium supplement
Primary outcomes
- 24-h urine magnesium excretion
- C-reactive protein
- Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
5
Evidence pairs
5
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 59
1
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
28
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 5 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
C-reactive protein
Magnesium supplement → C-reactive protein
Magnesium supplement → C-reactive protein
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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NoneNo Change
Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
Magnesium supplement → Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
Magnesium supplement → Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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NoneNo Change
Interferon-γ production from CD8+ T-cells
Magnesium supplement → Interferon-γ production from CD8+ T-cells
Magnesium supplement → Interferon-γ production from CD8+ T-cells
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongIncrease
Serum magnesium
Magnesium supplement → Serum magnesium
Magnesium supplement → Serum magnesium
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseMetabolic Health
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Magnesium Supplements and 24-h urine magnesium excretion, Magnesium Supplements and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
24-h urine magnesium excretion Evidence Hub
All studies measuring 24-h urine magnesium excretion
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures 24-h urine magnesium excretion as a key outcome.
Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
Magnesium Supplements Evidence Hub
All studies on Magnesium Supplements
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Magnesium Supplements evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Magnesium supplement and 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Intervention: Magnesium supplementOutcome: 24-h urine magnesium excretion
1 results
All studies on Magnesium supplement and Serum magnesium
Intervention: Magnesium supplementOutcome: Serum magnesium
1 results
All studies on Magnesium supplement
Intervention: Magnesium supplement
1 results
All studies measuring 24-h urine magnesium excretion
Outcome: 24-h urine magnesium excretion
1 results
All studies measuring Serum magnesium
Outcome: Serum magnesium
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Magnesium Supplements improve adipokine and angiogenic markers?
Emerging Evidence
Magnesium Supplements appears to improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Serum magnesium
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Magnesium Supplements improve inflammatory markers?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Magnesium Supplements for Inflammatory Markers.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
C-reactive protein
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 33.0 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Magnesium supplement improve 24-h urine magnesium excretion?
Emerging Evidence
Magnesium supplement appears to improve 24-h urine magnesium excretion.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
24-h urine magnesium excretion
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Magnesium supplement improve cytokine production from t-helper 2 cells?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Magnesium supplement for Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Cytokine production from T-helper 2 cells
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 33.0 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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