Research Summary

Magnesium supplementation shows little effect on arterial stiffness in T2DM.

Moderate confidence

Low bias

Last updated June 19, 2026

Key Takeaway:

This study evaluated the effects of six-month magnesium citrate supplementation on calciprotein crystallization and arterial stiffness in older individuals with type 2 diabetes and peripheral MAC, finding no significant reductions.

Study at a Glance

What was studied

6-month oral magnesium citrate supplementation in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Participants

Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64)

Male, Female

with T2 Diabetes

Intervention

Magnesium citrate, Placebo

Outcomes

Calciprotein crystallization (T 50), Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), Serum magnesium, 24-h urine magnesium excretion

Funding

Non-Industry Sponsored

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Main Effects

Magnesium supplementation did not increase calciprotein crystallization (T 50) [β = 6 min, P = 0.491]

Magnesium supplementation did not increase carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) [β = 0.5 m/s, P = 0.180]

Supplementation increased 24-h urine magnesium excretion (P < 0.001)

Evidence Summary

Intervention	Outcome	Measured Change	Study Effect
Magnesium citrate (Diet and Nutrition)	24-h urine magnesium excretion (Metabolic Health)	Increase	Strong
Magnesium citrate (Diet and Nutrition)	Calciprotein crystallization (T 50) (Metabolic Health)	No Change	Unclear
Magnesium citrate (Diet and Nutrition)	Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) (Metabolic Health)	No Change	Unclear
Magnesium citrate (Diet and Nutrition)	Serum magnesium (Metabolic Health)	No Change	Unclear
Placebo (Medications)	24-h urine magnesium excretion (Metabolic Health)	Increase	Strong
Placebo (Medications)	Calciprotein crystallization (T 50) (Metabolic Health)	No Change	Unclear
Placebo (Medications)	Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) (Metabolic Health)	No Change	Unclear
Placebo (Medications)	Serum magnesium (Metabolic Health)	No Change	Unclear

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Evidence Suggest

No significant change in calciprotein crystallization with magnesium [β = 6 min, P = 0.491]
No significant reduction in arterial stiffness [β = 0.5 m/s, P = 0.180]
Significant increase in urine magnesium excretion (P < 0.001)

Who this applies to

Older individuals aged 65 and above
Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
Individuals with peripheral macrovascular complications

Keep in Mind

Results may not apply to younger populations or those without diabetes.
The study focused only on magnesium citrate and did not explore other forms of magnesium.
Further studies are needed to assess long-term effects and other potential benefits.

Between the Lines

The study may have limited generalizability due to the specific population studied.
Sample size and duration may not be sufficient to detect subtle effects.
Potential confounding factors were not fully explored.

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Journal Reference

Romain M, Joyce YX, Simon PN, et al. Six-month magnesium citrate supplementation did not reduce calciprotein crystallization and arterial stiffness in older individuals with T2DM with peripheral MAC. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2026;123(5):101299. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101299

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Connected Evidence

Discover how this study fits into the broader diabetes evidence landscape.

This study contributes to evidence on Vitamins, Minerals, and Nutraceuticals and 24-h urine magnesium excretion, Control Comparators and 24-h urine magnesium excretion.