Last updated June 13, 2026
Key finding
The most significant effect was on nocturnal glucose control (P < 0.0004).
This study investigated the impact of peripheral electrical stimulation on glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients, showing significant improvements in nocturnal glucose control.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the impact of peripheral electrical stimulation on glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients, showing significant improvements in nocturnal glucose control.
Improving glucose control is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes and reducing the risk of complications. The significant reduction in nocturnal and pre-meal glucose levels suggests that peripheral electrical stimulation could be a valuable adjunctive therapy for patients struggling to maintain optimal glucose levels.
Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes Sample size and population characteristics not specified Short duration of treatment may limit long-term applicability
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Merav C, Keren D, Roi S, et al. The Effect of Peripheral Electrical Stimulation on Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(12):e0168805. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168805
Significant reduction in nocturnal glucose levels (−1.3 mg/dL, P < 0.0004)
Improvement in pre-meal mean glucose levels (−2.5 mg/dL, P < 0.02)
Reduction in serum cortisol levels (−20 ng/ml, P < 0.01)
No adverse events recorded
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) and Adverse events incidence, Blood glucose, Insulin, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES)
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
245
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Adverse events incidence
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Adverse events incidence
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Blood glucose
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Blood glucose
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Insulin
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Insulin
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Nocturnal glucose control
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Nocturnal glucose control
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Pre-meal mean glucose
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Pre-meal mean glucose
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Serum cortisol
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) → Serum cortisol
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) and Adverse events incidence, Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) and Fasting Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adverse events incidence
Measures Adverse events incidence as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES)
Contributes to Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) evidence base.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) appears to improve Nocturnal glucose control.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Nocturnal glucose control
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) appears to improve Pre-meal mean glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Pre-meal mean glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) appears to improve Serum cortisol.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Serum cortisol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) for Adverse events incidence.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Adverse events incidence
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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