NoneNo Change
Beta diversity
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Beta diversity
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Beta diversity
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Probiotic L. reuteri shows no effect on oral microbiome in diabetes
Key finding
Alpha diversity was analyzed with mixed-effects models, and no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05).
This study investigated the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the subgingival microbiome in diabetic patients, finding no significant alterations.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 2, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges, Placebo
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Primary outcome
Gut microbiota diversity
Comparator
Placebo Group
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the subgingival microbiome in diabetic patients, finding no significant alterations.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the effects of probiotics like Limosilactobacillus reuteri on the microbiome is crucial for managing oral health in diabetic patients. The lack of significant changes suggests that while probiotics may not directly influence the subgingival microbiome, other factors may contribute to improvements in periodontal health.
Keep in mind
Limited sample size may affect the generalizability of findings. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Lack of significant findings limits conclusions about effectiveness.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Rocío B, Eduardo M, Cristina C, et al. Adjunctive Limosilactobacillus reuteri Supplementation Does Not Alter Subgingival Microbiome in Diabetic Patients. Journal of Oral Microbiology. 2026;18(1):2624894. doi:10.1080/20002297.2026.2624894
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Main Effects
No significant differences in gut microbiota alpha diversity (p > 0.05).
No significant differences in beta diversity (p > 0.05).
L. reuteri was undetectable in 10 participants across all time points.
Significant reduction in probing depth observed in both groups.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges and Beta diversity, Gut microbiota diversity, Periodontal probing depth, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges
Primary outcomes
- Beta diversity
- Gut microbiota diversity
- Periodontal probing depth
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
4
Evidence pairs
4
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 63
1
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
14
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
Gut microbiota diversity
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Gut microbiota diversity
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Gut microbiota diversity
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Periodontal probing depth
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Periodontal probing depth
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Periodontal probing depth
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
Relative abundance of L. reuteri
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Relative abundance of L. reuteri
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges → Relative abundance of L. reuteri
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed no significant differences (p > 0.05).
- L. reuteri was undetectable in most participants.
- Both groups experienced significant reductions in probing depth.
Who this applies to
- Diabetic patients seeking oral health improvements.
- Individuals interested in probiotic supplementation.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to non-diabetic populations.
- The study did not measure long-term effects of supplementation.
- Findings are based on a specific probiotic strain, limiting broader applicability.
Between the Lines
- Limited sample size may affect the generalizability of findings.
- Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.
- Lack of significant findings limits conclusions about effectiveness.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Probiotics and Synbiotics and Periodontal probing depth.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Periodontal probing depth Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Periodontal probing depth
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Periodontal probing depth as a key outcome.
Probiotics and Synbiotics Evidence Hub
All studies on Probiotics and Synbiotics
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Probiotics and Synbiotics evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges and Periodontal probing depth
Intervention: Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozengesOutcome: Periodontal probing depth
1 results
All studies on Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges
Intervention: Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges
1 results
All studies measuring Periodontal probing depth
Outcome: Periodontal probing depth
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Probiotics and Synbiotics improve gut microbiota diversity?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Probiotics and Synbiotics for Gut Microbiota Diversity.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Beta diversity
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.5 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 2
Gut microbiota diversity
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.5 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges improve periodontal probing depth?
Emerging Evidence
Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 53.0 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges improve relative abundance of l. reuteri?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges for Relative abundance of L. reuteri.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Relative abundance of L. reuteri
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.5 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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All studies on Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges and Periodontal probing depthAll studies on Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges and Beta diversityAll studies on Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges and Gut microbiota diversityAll studies on Limosilactobacillus reuteri lozenges and Relative abundance of L. reuteri
Related research
Read related research summaries.
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