Research Summary

Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Self-efficacy improves self-management in Type 1 diabetes patients

Last updated September 9, 2026

Key finding

Self-efficacy positively impacted foot care behavior (β = 0.59, p < 0.001).

This study examined the role of self-efficacy in self-management behaviors among patients with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant positive impacts on various health behaviors.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study examined the role of self-efficacy in self-management behaviors among patients with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant positive impacts on various health behaviors.

Clinical relevance

Understanding the role of self-efficacy can help healthcare providers develop targeted interventions that empower patients with Type 1 diabetes. By enhancing self-efficacy, patients may adopt better self-management behaviors, leading to improved health outcomes and quality of life.

Keep in mind

Unclear effectiveness for some intervention-outcome relationships. Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Potential unmeasured confounders affecting results.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Mohamad AS, Afsaneh R, Sanaz A. The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Self-Management Behaviors in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. The Scientific World Journal. 2025;2025:8848211. doi:10.1155/tswj/8848211

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Main Effects

Self-efficacy positively impacted foot care behavior (β = 0.59, p < 0.001).

Self-efficacy significantly predicted dietary behaviors (β = 0.31, p < 0.01).

Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between commitment and blood glucose monitoring (β = 0.86, p < 0.001).

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to DSMES and Blood glucose, Improvement in dietary behavior, Improvement in foot care behavior, and 1 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

DSMES

Outcome

Blood glucose

Evidence topic

Fasting Blood Glucose

Primary intervention

DSMES

Primary outcomes

Blood glucose
Improvement in dietary behavior
Improvement in foot care behavior

Evidence topics

Fasting Blood Glucose Glycemic Control Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

Primary intervention

DSMES

Primary outcomes

Blood glucose Improvement in dietary behavior Improvement in foot care behavior

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

Evidence pairs

Relationships

Evidence topics

contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72

Why it is useful

Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
Includes primary outcome data
Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence relationship

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Fasting Glucose

Related evidence

Evidence topic

Fasting Blood Glucose

Save evidence

Evidence topic

Glycemic Control

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Blood glucose

DSMES → Blood glucose

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 25; Negative
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Improvement in dietary behavior

DSMES → Improvement in dietary behavior

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Improvement in foot care behavior

DSMES → Improvement in foot care behavior

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Mean self-efficacy score

DSMES → Mean self-efficacy score

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 2 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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Evidence Suggest

Higher self-efficacy scores linked to improved foot care behaviors.
Significant prediction of dietary behaviors by self-efficacy.
Self-efficacy fully mediated blood glucose monitoring engagement.

Who this applies to

Adults diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.
Individuals seeking to improve self-management of their diabetes.

Keep in Mind

Results may not apply to populations outside the study sample.
Findings are based on self-reported measures, which can introduce bias.
Further research is needed to explore long-term effects of self-efficacy interventions.

Between the Lines

Unclear effectiveness for some intervention-outcome relationships.
Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics.
Potential unmeasured confounders affecting results.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Mean self-efficacy score, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Fasting Glucose.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Detailed evidence

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Mean self-efficacy score

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 2 studies

View evidence

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Detailed evidence

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Fasting Glucose

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 25; Negative
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

View evidence

Included in these evidence collections

Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs Evidence Hub

All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs

2 studies

intervention_hub

Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.

Mean self-efficacy score Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Mean self-efficacy score

2 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Mean self-efficacy score as a key outcome.

Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Fasting Glucose

1 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.

Recent Diabetes Research

Latest published studies

recency_collection

Published within the last 2 years.

Explore more in Evidence Explorer

Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.

All studies on DSMES and Mean self-efficacy score

Intervention: DSMESOutcome: Mean self-efficacy score

2 results

All studies on DSMES and Blood glucose

Intervention: DSMESOutcome: Blood glucose

1 results

All studies on DSMES

Intervention: DSMES

2 results

All studies measuring Mean self-efficacy score

Outcome: Mean self-efficacy score

2 results

All studies measuring Blood glucose

Outcome: Blood glucose

1 results

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Do Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs improve fasting glucose?

Strong Evidence

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve fasting glucose.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | moderate negative | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

View Full Evidence

Does DSMES improve mean self-efficacy score?

Moderate Evidence

DSMES appears to improve mean self-efficacy score.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Mean self-efficacy score
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

What evidence is available on DSMES and improvement in dietary behavior?

Emerging Evidence

DSMES appears to improve improvement in dietary behavior.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Improvement in dietary behavior
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

What evidence is available on DSMES and improvement in foot care behavior?

Emerging Evidence

DSMES appears to improve improvement in foot care behavior.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Improvement in foot care behavior
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.

View Full Evidence

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Next steps

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Evidence topics

Follow the topics this study contributes to.

Fasting Blood Glucose Evidence Hub Glycemic Control Evidence Hub Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.

All studies on DSMES and Mean self-efficacy score All studies on DSMES and Blood glucose All studies on DSMES and Improvement in dietary behavior All studies on DSMES and Improvement in foot care behavior

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