Last updated July 8, 2026
Key finding
Average reduction in HbA1c was 0.76% ± 0.12% (p ≤ 0.0001)
The MODEL Study evaluated patient-centered behavioral interventions for diabetes self-care, finding significant improvements in healthy eating days and HbA1c levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
High Risk
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
The MODEL Study evaluated patient-centered behavioral interventions for diabetes self-care, finding significant improvements in healthy eating days and HbA1c levels.
These findings highlight the importance of patient-centered behavioral interventions in managing diabetes. By improving dietary habits and lowering HbA1c levels, these strategies can lead to better health outcomes for individuals with diabetes, potentially reducing the risk of complications associated with the disease.
Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to lack of detailed statistical analysis. Potential biases in self-reported dietary habits. Limited generalizability to broader diabetes populations.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
James EB, Satya S, Justin G, et al. The MODEL Study: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Patient-Centered Behavioral Interventions for Diabetes Self-Care. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2025;41(6):1573-1583. doi:10.1007/s11606-025-09882-z
EM participants increased healthy eating days by 0.67 ± 0.19 day/week.
HC+EM participants increased healthy eating days by 0.99 ± 0.15 day/week.
TM+EM participants increased healthy eating days by 1.36 ± 0.15 day/week.
Average reduction in HbA1c was 0.76% ± 0.12%.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Remote multiprofessional educational program, SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion, Telephone-based pharmacist behavioral intervention and HbA1c, Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Remote multiprofessional educational program
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
893
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Remote multiprofessional educational program → HbA1c
Remote multiprofessional educational program → HbA1c
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HbA1c
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HbA1c
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
Telephone-based pharmacist behavioral intervention → HbA1c
Telephone-based pharmacist behavioral intervention → HbA1c
Telephone-based pharmacist behavioral intervention → Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
Telephone-based pharmacist behavioral intervention → Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
6 results
6 results
6 results
6 results
6 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 44 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Remote multiprofessional educational program appears to improve increase in healthy eating days per week.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion appears to improve increase in healthy eating days per week.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Telephone-based pharmacist behavioral intervention appears to improve increase in healthy eating days per week.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Increase in Healthy Eating Days per Week
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
