Last updated June 15, 2026
Key finding
Mean weight decreased by -1.16 kg (95% CI: -1.36 to -0.97)
This study evaluated the effects of a multi-species synbiotic preparation on metabolic profiles in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, finding significant reductions in weight, cholesterol, and glucose levels.
Quick read
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EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of a multi-species synbiotic preparation on metabolic profiles in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, finding significant reductions in weight, cholesterol, and glucose levels.
These findings are clinically significant as they indicate that synbiotic supplements could serve as a beneficial adjunct therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, potentially reducing their cardiovascular risk and improving overall metabolic health. Given the aging population and the increasing prevalence of diabetes, such interventions could play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life and health outcomes for this vulnerable group.
Limited to a specific age group (≥65 years) Results may not be generalizable to younger populations Potential for unmeasured confounding factors
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Neda D, Elnaz N, Naser A, Shahrzad Y, Fariba E, Maryam H. A multi-species synbiotic preparation benefits elderly patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk. Nutrition & Diabetes. 2025. doi:10.1038/s41387-025-00408-4
Weight decreased by -1.16 kg (p=0.001)
Total cholesterol decreased by -11.78 mg/dl (p=0.012)
Fasting plasma glucose decreased by -22.83 mg/dl (p=0.001)
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff and Body Mass Index (BMI) change, Body fat mass (BFM) change, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), and 5 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
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8
Evidence pairs
541
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Body fat mass (BFM) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Body fat mass (BFM) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Body Mass Index (BMI) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Body Mass Index (BMI) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → LDL cholesterol
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → LDL cholesterol
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Total cholesterol
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Total cholesterol
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Weight change
Synchronous online type 1 diabetes psychoeducational program for school staff → Weight change
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Body Composition, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Body Mass Index.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Measures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Composition
Measures Body Composition as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Mass Index
Measures Body Mass Index as a key outcome.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
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Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 11 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Body Mass Index.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Body Mass Index (BMI) change
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 15 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
LDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Total cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appears to improve Body Composition.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Body fat mass (BFM) change
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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