Last updated August 24, 2026
Key finding
An increase in the stimulated secretion of insulin (by 30.5%; 95% CI 21.2 to 40.7%; p < 0.001) was observed following consumption of the V-meal.
This study compared the effects of vegan and meat meals on insulin and incretin secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding significant increases in insulin and incretin levels after the vegan meal.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study compared the effects of vegan and meat meals on insulin and incretin secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding significant increases in insulin and incretin levels after the vegan meal.
These findings suggest that dietary choices, particularly the inclusion of vegan meals, may enhance insulin and incretin responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This could have implications for dietary recommendations aimed at improving glycemic control and overall metabolic health in this population.
The study's sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. Only two types of meals were tested, which may not represent all dietary patterns. Long-term effects of meal type on diabetes management were not assessed.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Hana K, Andrea T, Marta K, et al. Effects of Vegan vs. Meat Meals on Postprandial Incretin and Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):486. doi:10.3390/nu11030486
An increase in stimulated insulin secretion by 30.5% (p < 0.001) was observed after the V-meal.
Stimulated GLP-1 secretion increased by 19.2% (p < 0.001) following the V-meal.
A decrease in GIP secretion by -9.4% (p = 0.02) was noted after the V-meal.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal), Vegan meal (V-meal) and Glucose iAUC (OGTT), Insulin resistance, PREDIM (predicted clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index), and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal)
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
717
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) → Insulin resistance
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) → Insulin resistance
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) → PREDIM (predicted clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index)
Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) → PREDIM (predicted clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index)
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Insulin secretion levels after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Insulin secretion levels after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion Increase in T2D
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion Increase in T2D
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Postprandial secretion of amylin in T2D
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Postprandial secretion of amylin in T2D
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Total costs in telemedicine group compared to standard care
Vegan meal (V-meal) → Total costs in telemedicine group compared to standard care
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Vegan meal (V-meal) and Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion Increase in T2D, Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) and Postprandial and OGTT Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion Increase in T2D
Measures Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion Increase in T2D as a key outcome.
All studies on Vegan meal (V-meal)
Contributes to Vegan meal (V-meal) evidence base.
All studies measuring Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
Measures Postprandial and OGTT Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal)
Contributes to Processed hamburger meat meal (M-meal) evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
2 results
1 results
2 results
1 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Vegan meal (V-meal) may improve postprandial glp-1 secretion increase in t2d.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion Increase in T2D
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Vegan meal (V-meal) appears to improve c-peptide.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
C-peptide
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Vegan meal (V-meal) appears to improve insulin secretion levels after roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Insulin secretion levels after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Vegan meal (V-meal) appears to improve postprandial secretion of amylin in t2d.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial secretion of amylin in T2D
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
