Last updated July 22, 2026
Key finding
In the control group, FBS was significantly decreased from baseline.
This study examined the effects of vitamin C supplementation on periodontal health in type 2 diabetes patients and found no significant improvement in periodontal status.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the effects of vitamin C supplementation on periodontal health in type 2 diabetes patients and found no significant improvement in periodontal status.
Understanding the relationship between vitamin C supplementation and periodontal health in diabetes patients is crucial, as periodontal disease is common in this population. The findings suggest that vitamin C alone may not be a sufficient intervention for improving periodontal outcomes, highlighting the need for comprehensive dental care strategies in managing diabetes-related complications.
Non-randomized design may introduce bias. Limited sample size affects generalizability. Short duration may not capture long-term effects.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Piyapat K, Nis O, Supanee R, Pechngam C. Supplementation of Vitamin C Does Not Improve Periodontal Status in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. European Journal of Dentistry. 2019;13(3):444-449. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693207
Plasma vitamin C levels increased by 9.23 μmol/L in the test group (p=0.036).
Fasting blood sugar decreased by 8.88 mg/dL in the control group (p=0.046).
Plaque Index improved in both the test and control groups.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C and Clinical attachment level, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Gingival Index (GI), and 5 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
555
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Clinical attachment level
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Clinical attachment level
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Gingival Index (GI)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Gingival Index (GI)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → HbA1c
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → HbA1c
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Periodontal probing depth
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Periodontal probing depth
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Plaque Index (PI)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Plaque Index (PI)
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Plasma vitamin C levels
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C → Plasma vitamin C levels
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C and Clinical attachment level, Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C and Fasting Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Clinical attachment level
Measures Clinical attachment level as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C
Contributes to Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C appears to improve Clinical attachment level.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Clinical attachment level
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C appears to improve Gingival Index (GI).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Gingival Index (GI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C appears to improve Modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C appears to improve Periodontal probing depth.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Periodontal probing depth
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
