Glycemic Control
Evidence Snapshot
135
Evidence relationships
159
Studies reviewed
53
Interventions evaluated
Strongest evidence area
Dapagliflozin
Top Evidence Areas
| Rank | Intervention | Outcome | Effectiveness | Strength | Consistency | Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | Behavioral lifestyle interventions | Diabetes remission | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #2 | Behavioral lifestyle interventions | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #3 | Behavioral lifestyle interventions | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #4 | Aerobic exercise | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #5 | Aerobic exercise | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #6 | Allium hookeri extract | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| #7 | Allium hookeri extract | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #8 | American ginseng | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #9 | American ginseng | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| #10 | Basal insulin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
Rank #1
Diabetes remission
Behavioral lifestyle interventions
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #2
Fasting Plasma Glucose
Behavioral lifestyle interventions
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #3
HbA1c
Behavioral lifestyle interventions
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #4
Fasting Plasma Glucose
Aerobic exercise
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #5
HbA1c
Aerobic exercise
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #6
Fasting Plasma Glucose
Allium hookeri extract
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #7
HbA1c
Allium hookeri extract
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #8
Blood glucose
American ginseng
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #9
HbA1c
American ginseng
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Rank #10
HbA1c
Basal insulin
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Practical Questions
Which interventions are most often studied for Glycemic Control?
most studiedBased on 19 evidence relationships across 27 studies
Outcomes:
Fasting Plasma GlucoseGlucose variabilityHbA1cTime above rangeTime below range+6 more
Interventions:
Continuous glucose monitoringHybrid closed Loop systemNeedle Free injection
Where are results mixed or inconsistent for Glycemic Control?
consistency issuesBased on 4 evidence relationships across 7 studies
Outcomes:
Time above rangeTime below rangeTime in rangeBlood glucose
Interventions:
Continuous glucose monitoringModerate continuous exercise (CON)
Which interventions need more research for Glycemic Control?
research gapsBased on 3 evidence relationships across 9 studies
Outcomes:
HbA1c
Interventions:
DapagliflozinMetforminProbiotics
How does Dapagliflozin compare with Metformin for Glycemic Control?
compareBased on 2 evidence relationships across 5 studies
Outcomes:
HbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose
Interventions:
DapagliflozinMetformin
Evidence Landscape
Evidence landscape
Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and strength; size reflects study volume.
Limited evidence
Promising
Reliable
High impact
Lower Evidence Strength→Higher Evidence Strength
Lower Effectiveness→Higher Effectiveness
Explore by Intervention
| Intervention | Pairs | Research | Avg Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 5 | 3 | 45 |
| Metformin | 2 | 3 | 52 |
| Probiotics | 2 | 3 | 47 |
| Remote Educational Program | 2 | 3 | 41 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | 6 | 2 | 42 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | 6 | 2 | 41 |
| Insulin degludec | 2 | 2 | 41 |
| Low Carbohydrate diet | 3 | 2 | 48 |
| Metformin + glimepiride | 4 | 2 | 47 |
| Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission | 4 | 2 | 43 |
| Semaglutide | 5 | 2 | 46 |
| Tirzepatide | 2 | 2 | 49 |
| Aerobic exercise | 2 | 1 | 44 |
| Allium hookeri extract | 2 | 1 | 38 |
| American ginseng | 2 | 1 | 50 |
| Basal insulin | 1 | 1 | 47 |
| Behavioral counseling | 1 | 1 | 38 |
| Behavioral lifestyle interventions | 3 | 1 | 45 |
| Boscisucrophage | 3 | 1 | 41 |
| Calorie restriction | 3 | 1 | 46 |
| Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination | 3 | 1 | - |
| Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy | 3 | 1 | 40 |
| Del Immune V Extra bacterial lysate | 2 | 1 | 38 |
| Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care | 3 | 1 | 44 |
| Digital storytelling intervention for diabetes self Management | 1 | 1 | 46 |
| DPP 4 inhibitors | 3 | 1 | 40 |
| Dulaglutide dose escalation | 1 | 1 | 46 |
| Empagliflozin | 5 | 1 | 39 |
| Glibenclamide | 2 | 1 | 47 |
| Gliclazide SR | 3 | 1 | - |
| Glimepiride | 2 | 1 | 45 |
| Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin | 3 | 1 | 46 |
| GLP 1 receptor agonists | 1 | 1 | 47 |
| High Intensity interval training (HIIT) | 1 | 1 | 44 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | 6 | 1 | 39 |
| Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program | 1 | 1 | 42 |
| Liraglutide | 1 | 1 | 53 |
| Mediterranean ketogenic diet | 2 | 1 | 43 |
| Moderate continuous exercise (CON) | 1 | 1 | 33 |
| Needle Free injection | 7 | 1 | 42 |
| Nimba Amalakyadi powder | 4 | 1 | 33 |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 1 | 53 |
| Rama App | 2 | 1 | 35 |
| Remote nutrition education on low Carbohydrate diet | 2 | 1 | 44 |
| Resistance training | 2 | 1 | 44 |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention | 1 | 1 | 48 |
| Telemonitoring | 1 | 1 | 46 |
| Telephone Based pharmacist behavioral intervention | 1 | 1 | 37 |
| Teplizumab | 2 | 1 | 39 |
| Very Low Calorie ketogenic diet | 2 | 1 | 43 |
| Voglibose + metformin | 3 | 1 | 46 |
| WhatsApp Based diabetes self Care education program | 1 | 1 | 39 |
| Xiaoke | 2 | 1 | 47 |
Latest Research
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin may improve time in range in T2D
Study Type: cohortPublished: May 30, 2026
int-dapagliflozinint-dapagliflozin-linagliptin-combination
out-fasting-glucoseout-hba1c
Home telemedicine may improve HbA1c in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: May 30, 2026
int-remote-educational-program
out-hba1c
L. rhamnosus bacterial lysate may improve HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: May 30, 2026
int-del-immune-v-extra-bacterial-lysate
out-fasting-glucoseout-hba1c
Switching to tirzepatide from dulaglutide improved HbA1c and weight across baseline characteristics
Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: May 30, 2026
int-dulaglutide-dose-escalationint-tirzepatide
out-hba1c
Elderly patient with long-standing diabetes achieved sustained insulin independence through lifestyle intervention
Study Type: non-randomized-clinical-trial-non-rctPublished: May 29, 2026
int-multidisciplinary-lifestyle-intervention-for-type-2-diabetes
out-hba1c
Intensive lifestyle program was linked to diabetes remission in Indian adults
Study Type: non-randomized-clinical-trial-non-rctPublished: May 29, 2026
int-multidisciplinary-lifestyle-intervention-for-type-2-diabetes
out-diabetes-remissionout-hba1c
Telephone pharmacist coaching did not improve HbA1c in poorly controlled diabetes
Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: May 29, 2026
int-telephone-pharmacist-behavioral-intervention
out-hba1c
Team-based diabetes care may improve blood sugar, blood pressure, and albuminuria
Study Type: non-randomized-clinical-trial-non-rctPublished: May 29, 2026
int-integrated-multidisciplinary-diabetes-kidney-care
out-hba1c
Digital pharmacist-physician care improves HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: May 29, 2026
int-digital-physician-pharmacist-collaborative-care
out-fasting-glucoseout-hba1c
WhatsApp self-care education may improve HbA1c and daily self-care in women with type 2 diabetes
Study Type: non-randomized-clinical-trial-non-rctPublished: May 29, 2026
int-whatsapp-based-diabetes-self-care-education-program
out-hba1c
Full Evidence Table
Showing 135 of 135 evidence pairs
Intervention | Outcome | Effectiveness | Strength | Consistency | Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral lifestyle interventions | Diabetes remission | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Behavioral lifestyle interventions | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Behavioral lifestyle interventions | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Aerobic exercise | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Aerobic exercise | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Allium hookeri extract | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Allium hookeri extract | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| American ginseng | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| American ginseng | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Basal insulin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Behavioral counseling | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Boscisucrophage | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Boscisucrophage | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Boscisucrophage | Urine glucose excretion | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Calorie restriction | Diabetes remission | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Calorie restriction | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Calorie restriction | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Glucose variability | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Time above range | Weak Positive | Limited | Mixed | 2 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Time below range | Weak Positive | Limited | Mixed | 2 |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Time in range | Weak Positive | Limited | Mixed | 2 |
| Dapagliflozin | Fasting glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Dapagliflozin | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Unclear | 1 | ||
| Dapagliflozin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 3 |
| Dapagliflozin | Postprandial glucose | Unclear | 1 | ||
| Dapagliflozin | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Unclear | 1 | ||
| Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination | HbA1c | Unclear | 1 | ||
| Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination | Postprandial glucose | Unclear | 1 | ||
| Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy | Fasting glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Del Immune V Extra bacterial lysate | Fasting glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Del Immune V Extra bacterial lysate | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care | Fasting glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care | Postprandial glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Digital storytelling intervention for diabetes self Management | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| DPP 4 inhibitors | Fasting glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| DPP 4 inhibitors | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| DPP 4 inhibitors | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Dulaglutide dose escalation | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Empagliflozin | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Empagliflozin | Daily insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Empagliflozin | Glucose variability | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Empagliflozin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Empagliflozin | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Glibenclamide | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Glibenclamide | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Gliclazide SR | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Consistent | 1 | ||
| Gliclazide SR | HbA1c | Consistent | 1 | ||
| Gliclazide SR | Postprandial glucose | Consistent | 1 | ||
| Glimepiride | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Glimepiride | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin | Postprandial glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| GLP 1 receptor agonists | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| High Intensity interval training (HIIT) | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | Glucose variability | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | Time above range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | Time below range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Hybrid closed Loop system | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Insulin degludec | Blood glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Insulin degludec | HbA1c | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | Daily insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | Glycemia risk index | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | HbA1c | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | Postprandial glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis | Time in level 2 hyperglycemia | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Liraglutide | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Low Carbohydrate diet | Diabetes remission | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Low Carbohydrate diet | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Low Carbohydrate diet | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Mediterranean ketogenic diet | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Mediterranean ketogenic diet | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Metformin | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Metformin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 3 |
| Metformin + glimepiride | Daily insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Metformin + glimepiride | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Metformin + glimepiride | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Metformin + glimepiride | Postprandial glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Moderate continuous exercise (CON) | Blood glucose | Neutral | Weak | Mixed | 1 |
| Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission | Daily insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission | Diabetes remission | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Needle Free injection | Daily insulin dose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Needle Free injection | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Needle Free injection | Glucose variability | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Needle Free injection | Postprandial glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Needle Free injection | Serum 1,5 Anhydroglucitol | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Needle Free injection | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Needle Free injection | Time to target glucose control | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Nimba Amalakyadi powder | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Nimba Amalakyadi powder | HbA1c | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Nimba Amalakyadi powder | Postprandial glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Nimba Amalakyadi powder | Urine sugar | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Pioglitazone | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Probiotics | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Probiotics | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 3 |
| Rama App | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Rama App | HbA1c | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Remote Educational Program | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Generally Consistent | 3 |
| Remote Educational Program | Time in range | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Remote nutrition education on low Carbohydrate diet | Fasting glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Remote nutrition education on low Carbohydrate diet | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Resistance training | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Resistance training | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Semaglutide | Basal insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Semaglutide | Bolus insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Semaglutide | Daily insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Semaglutide | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Consistent | 2 |
| Semaglutide | Time in range | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Telemonitoring | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Telephone Based pharmacist behavioral intervention | HbA1c | Neutral | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Teplizumab | Daily insulin dose | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Teplizumab | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Tirzepatide | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Tirzepatide | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Very Low Calorie ketogenic diet | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Very Low Calorie ketogenic diet | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Voglibose + metformin | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Voglibose + metformin | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Voglibose + metformin | Postprandial glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| WhatsApp Based diabetes self Care education program | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Weak | Unclear | 1 |
| Xiaoke | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
| Xiaoke | HbA1c | Moderate Positive | Limited | Unclear | 1 |
Intervention → Outcome
Behavioral lifestyle interventions → Diabetes remission
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Behavioral lifestyle interventions → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Behavioral lifestyle interventions → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Aerobic exercise → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Allium hookeri extract → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Allium hookeri extract → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
American ginseng → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
American ginseng → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Basal insulin → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Behavioral counseling → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Boscisucrophage → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Boscisucrophage → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Boscisucrophage → Urine glucose excretion
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Calorie restriction → Diabetes remission
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Calorie restriction → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Calorie restriction → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Continuous glucose monitoring → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Continuous glucose monitoring → Glucose variability
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Continuous glucose monitoring → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time above range
Effectiveness
Weak PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
MixedStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time below range
Effectiveness
Weak PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
MixedStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time in range
Effectiveness
Weak PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
MixedStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin → Fasting glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Consistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
3
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin → Postprandial glucose
Consistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Consistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination → HbA1c
Consistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin Gliclazide combination → Postprandial glucose
Consistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy → Fasting glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Del Immune V Extra bacterial lysate → Fasting glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Del Immune V Extra bacterial lysate → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care → Fasting glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Digital physician Pharmacist collaborative care → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Digital storytelling intervention for diabetes self Management → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
DPP 4 inhibitors → Fasting glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
DPP 4 inhibitors → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
DPP 4 inhibitors → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Dulaglutide dose escalation → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Empagliflozin → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Empagliflozin → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Empagliflozin → Glucose variability
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Empagliflozin → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Empagliflozin → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glibenclamide → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glibenclamide → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Gliclazide SR → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Consistency
ConsistentStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Gliclazide SR → HbA1c
Consistency
ConsistentStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Gliclazide SR → Postprandial glucose
Consistency
ConsistentStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glimepiride → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glimepiride → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Glimepiride + voglibose + metformin → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
GLP 1 receptor agonists → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
High Intensity interval training (HIIT) → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Hybrid closed Loop system → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Hybrid closed Loop system → Glucose variability
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Hybrid closed Loop system → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Hybrid closed Loop system → Time above range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Hybrid closed Loop system → Time below range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Hybrid closed Loop system → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin degludec → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin degludec → HbA1c
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis → Glycemia risk index
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis → HbA1c
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Insulin Glargine Lixisenatide dosis → Time in level 2 hyperglycemia
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Liraglutide → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Low Carbohydrate diet → Diabetes remission
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Low Carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Low Carbohydrate diet → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Mediterranean ketogenic diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Mediterranean ketogenic diet → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Metformin → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Metformin → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
3
Intervention → Outcome
Metformin + glimepiride → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Metformin + glimepiride → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Metformin + glimepiride → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Metformin + glimepiride → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Moderate continuous exercise (CON) → Blood glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
MixedStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission → Diabetes remission
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Glucose variability
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Serum 1,5 Anhydroglucitol
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Needle Free injection → Time to target glucose control
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Nimba Amalakyadi powder → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Nimba Amalakyadi powder → HbA1c
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Nimba Amalakyadi powder → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Nimba Amalakyadi powder → Urine sugar
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Pioglitazone → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Probiotics → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Probiotics → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
3
Intervention → Outcome
Rama App → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Rama App → HbA1c
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Remote Educational Program → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
Generally ConsistentStudies
3
Intervention → Outcome
Remote Educational Program → Time in range
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Remote nutrition education on low Carbohydrate diet → Fasting glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Remote nutrition education on low Carbohydrate diet → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Resistance training → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Resistance training → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Semaglutide → Basal insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Semaglutide → Bolus insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Semaglutide → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Semaglutide → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
ConsistentStudies
2
Intervention → Outcome
Semaglutide → Time in range
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Telemonitoring → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Telephone Based pharmacist behavioral intervention → HbA1c
Effectiveness
NeutralStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Teplizumab → Daily insulin dose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Teplizumab → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Tirzepatide → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Tirzepatide → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Very Low Calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Very Low Calorie ketogenic diet → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Voglibose + metformin → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Voglibose + metformin → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Voglibose + metformin → Postprandial glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
WhatsApp Based diabetes self Care education program → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
WeakConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Xiaoke → Fasting Plasma Glucose
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1
Intervention → Outcome
Xiaoke → HbA1c
Effectiveness
Moderate PositiveStrength
LimitedConsistency
UnclearStudies
1